tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-213903464919823382023-07-17T22:06:27.244-07:00Mit college essayOpioon Researsch Paper Topics About ExercviseWesley Yanghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01059482297084962090noreply@blogger.comBlogger157125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-21390346491982338.post-13041058036075508452020-08-23T02:02:00.001-07:002020-08-23T02:02:08.327-07:00Statistics Related To Insolvency Observanceââ¬Myassignmenthelp.ComWesley Yanghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01059482297084962090noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-21390346491982338.post-29596109366591808212020-08-21T23:44:00.001-07:002020-08-21T23:44:08.251-07:00The Perfect Generosity of Prince VessantaraJataka portrays Prince Vassantara as one of the rebirths of Buddha. It is conceivable to take note of that Princeââ¬â¢s all activities are driven by his longing to part with. This longing makes him part with his fortunes, his realm and even his family. All the more along these lines, he is prepared to part with his self in the event that it is necessary.Advertising We will compose a custom exposition test on The Perfect Generosity of Prince Vessantara explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More This is viewed as the most noteworthy sign of prudence and Jataka portrays last resurrection of Buddha thusly to pressure one of the significant estimations of the religion. As a matter of fact, benevolence is viewed as one of the most significant qualities of a noble man. Jataka recounts to the account of Prince Vassantara to give individuals the model to follow. The longing to part with showed up in Prince Vassantara when he was in his motherââ¬â¢s belly causing his mom to n eed ââ¬Å"to have six almshouses builtâ⬠and give a ton of presents, ââ¬Å"every day to give 600,000 gold coinsâ⬠(Cone Gombrich 8). Jataka stresses that it is a highminded want as the ruler and every one of his guides comprehend that the sovereign has the future divinity in her belly. The ruler is prepared to give loads of endowments too. The kingââ¬â¢s counselors guarantee that the god in the queenââ¬â¢s belly ââ¬Å"will never be satiated with givingâ⬠(Cone Gombrich 8). This is an incredible gift for the ruler who is glad to have such an honest kid. The Prince satisfies the advisorsââ¬â¢ words from the absolute first long stretches of his life. The Prince will in general part with his assets from his initial years. For example, when he is just four or five, he takes the trimmings from his rooms and parts with them to his medical caretakers. Once more, the ruler is entranced with this and cases that the medical caretakers should keep the endowments as th ose are ââ¬Å"holyâ⬠blessings and what is given by the Prince ââ¬Å"is given wellâ⬠(Cone Gombrich 10). The kid does likewise multiple times and makes his folks and the entire realm considerably more joyful (Cone Gombrich 10). Notwithstanding, these presents can't be contrasted with what Prince Vassantara is prepared to part with. At eight years old, the Prince comprehends that it isn't sufficient to part with things which are ââ¬Å"externalâ⬠to him (Cone Gombrich 10). He is encircled by delightful and important things which can be relinquished. In fact, the Prince comprehends that he needn't bother with things and assets to be cheerful and enlightened.Advertising Looking for article on religion religious philosophy? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Thus, he doesn't believe those endowments to be sufficient. His concept of charity goes past the universe of material qualities. He asserts, ââ¬Å"I need to give something of my very selfâ⬠(Cone Gombrich 10). Jataka portrays Prince Vassantara as the most giving man who is prepared to give truly everything. The Prince turns into an image of charity and, simultaneously, the image of legitimacy. Portraying the Princeââ¬â¢s assurance, Jataka stresses this is the best approach to live on the planet as ââ¬Å"Sakka, the lord of the divine beings, snapped his fingers in approvalâ⬠(Cone Gombrich 10). Jataka likewise depicts the indication of the godââ¬â¢s endorsement as ââ¬Å"the sky . poured down an unexpected showerâ⬠(Cone Gombrich 10). Eminently, downpour has consistently been viewed as an image of the godsââ¬â¢ endorsement and godsââ¬â¢ favoring. Subsequently, complete benevolence is essential as the divine beings favor of such demeanor towards life. It is important to take note of that Jataka portrays Prince Vassantara in the manner he does to give individuals the model to follow. At the end of the day, Jatak a gives a case of a sacred and upright life. Obviously, Jataka addresses individuals and stresses that they should attempt to follow the model given. Jataka instructs individuals to be sacrificial and center around profound improvement as opposed to material qualities. Jataka states that the Prince figures out how to live an exemplary path and to part with everything. For this, he is honored and divinities help him to arrive at his significant objective throughout everyday life and stay a noble man. The Prince parts with everything to individuals who are out of luck. This story ought to be viewed as a model and everybody should attempt to give something ââ¬Ëexternalââ¬â¢ and much more when there are individuals out of luck. Jatakaââ¬â¢s story instructs individuals to make progress toward profound turn of events. The individuals who take a stab at illumination ought to follow the Princeââ¬â¢s model and to be prepared to part with their own selves. To summarize, Jataka rec ounts to an account of one of Buddhaââ¬â¢s resurrections. Sovereign Vassantara is driven by his craving to part with all that he can (for example his fortunes, his realm, his youngsters, his better half and in any event, more).Advertising We will compose a custom paper test on The Perfect Generosity of Prince Vessantara explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More This longing is viewed as probably the best uprightness and all individuals just as gods favor the sovereign. Jataka recounts to the story to give a case of a legitimate life which all individuals should lead. Sovereign Vassantara is a case of an individual who comprehends what benevolence truly implies. The individuals who need to accomplish illumination should attempt to be as noble as the Prince. Works Cited Cone, Margaret and Richard F. Gombrich. The Perfect Generosity of Prince Vessantara. Oxford: Claredon Press, 1977. Print. This exposition on The Perfect Generosity of Prince Vessantara was composed and presented by client Carl0s to help you with your own examinations. You are allowed to utilize it for research and reference purposes so as to compose your own paper; in any case, you should refer to it in like manner. You can give your paper here. Wesley Yanghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01059482297084962090noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-21390346491982338.post-55771700280864937032020-07-13T23:58:00.001-07:002020-07-13T23:58:03.635-07:00Understanding Iatrophobia or Fear of DoctorsUnderstanding Iatrophobia or Fear of Doctors Phobias Types Print Understanding Iatrophobia or Fear of Doctors By Lisa Fritscher Lisa Fritscher is a freelance writer and editor with a deep interest in phobias and other mental health topics. Learn about our editorial policy Lisa Fritscher Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Daniel B. Block, MD on November 21, 2019 twitter linkedin Daniel B. Block, MD, is an award-winning, board-certified psychiatrist who operates a private practice in Pennsylvania. Learn about our Medical Review Board Daniel B. Block, MD Updated on January 25, 2020 Johnny Greig/E/Getty Images More in Phobias Types Causes Symptoms and Diagnosis Treatment In This Article Table of Contents Expand Iatrophobia or Normal Anxiety? Related Symptoms Coping Personalized Treatment Options View All Back To Top Iatrophobia, or fear of doctors, is surprisingly common today.?? Most of us do not particularly enjoy going to the doctor. From the often long waits to the cold, sterile environment to the possibility of a painful procedure, doctor visits can cause anxiety in nearly anyone. For some people, however, normal anxiety gives way to outright panic. Is It Iatrophobia or Normal Anxiety? Since it is normal to be nervous before a doctor visit, it can be difficult to tell whether your symptoms constitute a full-blown phobia. Only a qualified mental health professional can make this determination. However, a few signs may signify that your fear is out of proportion with normal anxiety towards doctors visits. You may experience all, some, or none of the following: Related Symptoms Obsessive Worrying Normal anxiety is typically transitory. You might feel a wave of nervousness when actively thinking about an upcoming appointment. You may feel stress on the way to the doctorâs office or while sitting in the waiting room. However, you will not spend a great deal of time thinking about an upcoming visit, and you will be able to distract yourself from the anxiety if your fears are normal. If you have iatrophobia, however, an upcoming doctor visit may be the source of endless worrying. You might find it difficult or impossible to focus on other things. Once you have reached the doctorâs office, you are likely to experience feelings of panic and a sensation of being out of control. You might sweat, shake or cry, or even refuse to enter the examination room. Other Illness-Related Phobias Many people with iatrophobia worry that they might need to see a doctor, even if no visits are currently scheduled. You might become obsessed with minor ailments, fearing that they will require medical treatment. It is relatively common for iatrophobia to occur alongside illness anxiety disorder (previously known as hypochondriasis) or nosophobia (fear of disease), which are both phobias of illness.?? Postponing Doctor Appointments Those who merely experience nervousness about doctor visits typically do not try to avoid them. If you have iatrophobia, however, you might find yourself putting off checkups, vaccinations, and other routine care. You might suffer through even relatively serious illnesses on your own, rather than seeking professional treatment.?? Dentophobia Although either phobia can occur independently, dentophobia, or fear of dentists, often occurs alongside iatrophobia. It is common for dentists to trigger the same fears as those triggered by doctors of all types. White Coat Hypertension Although controversial, the phenomenon of white coat hypertension has been documented by numerous researchers.?? This occurs when the stress of seeing a doctor is enough to raise your blood pressure to a clinically significant level. Your blood pressure is normal when checked at home or in another setting, such as a health fair, but is high at the doctorâs office. Coping Iatrophobia can be more difficult to treat than many other phobias due to the nature of fear. While phobias can generally be treated with a combination of medications and therapy, many people with iatrophobia fear mental health professionals as well as other types of doctor. It may be difficult for you to visit a professional treatment provider. Although it can temporarily worsen your anxiety, it is very important that you seek treatment. Over time, untreated iatrophobia can cause you to avoid needed medical care.?? This can put your health and well-being at risk, and may ultimately result in difficult, complicated medical procedures for conditions that would have initially been easy to treat. Personalized Treatment Options Some mental health providers offer services via telephone or the internet. Although seeking in-person treatment is always preferable, these services can help you tame your phobia enough to face an in-person visit. Search for a mental health provider that offers services in a low-key setting that is more homelike than clinical. Some professionals work out of their homes or rented spaces in office buildings, rather than hospitals or medical facilities. Some wear jeans and other casual clothes, and some provide soothing music, televisions, and other services designed for relaxation. A good treatment provider will work at your pace. He will take the time to allow you to become comfortable with the office environment before moving on to treating the phobia. Many phobias are treated with cognitive-behavioral therapy, hypnosis, and group seminars. Look for a provider that offers the type of treatment with which you feel most comfortable. Seeking treatment for iatrophobia is never easy. With a bit of advance research, however, you should be able to find a mental health services provider that makes you feel comfortable. Take someone with you to act as a support person if needed, and focus on developing trust with your provider before moving on to the actual phobia treatment. Wesley Yanghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01059482297084962090noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-21390346491982338.post-51942103564070812152020-05-21T09:39:00.001-07:002020-05-21T09:39:05.081-07:00The Theory Of Child Development - 878 Words Urie Bronfenbrenner was a developmental psychologist whose theory of child development really spoke to me. Relating to the microsystem and mesosystem was extremely natural for me. The microsystem is made up of the people or groups you have direct contact with, such as a professor or family member. The mesosystem is the interactions that occur between the microsystems, such as there being a family issue but that issue effecting not only yourself but causing you to have trouble at school or work place. My microsystem contains a lot of relationships including my boss, my coworkers, my classmates, my family and my professors. I am in direct contact with these groups on a daily basis. Every one of these people that I interact with has a different outlook on life. They all have their own beliefs, values, and goals which help us connect and learn from each other in so many different ways. When you work with the same people every day you talk and learn things about each other that you did not know about. I learn of different struggles that each individual is having based on their life and what they go through outside of work. Knowing things about others that you can relate to really help open your eyes to what really matters in life. Everyone you know is fighting a battle that you know nothing about so itââ¬â¢s most important to be kind but also try to learn from otherââ¬â¢s experiences. I learn from the traits of my professors that hard work pays off in the end. They are a great e xampleShow MoreRelatedChild Development Theories1324 Words à |à 6 PagesChild Developmental Theories Ashford University PSY 104 Child and Adolescent Psychology June 29, 2009 Child Developmental Theories While theorists have different ideas and perspectives, insight on child and adolescent development can assist teachers and parents in helping children reach their full developmental and learning potential. Having knowledge about the developmentRead MoreThe Theories Of Child Development1084 Words à |à 5 Pagesimportant values and beliefs within their culture. All of this provides the foundations for cognitive development. As trainee teachers, it is fundamental that we have a deeper understanding of how children learn and how we can support learning. In order to do this we must first look at some of the theories of learning. 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I will be judging ââ¬Å"Aliceâ⬠on the nine temperament traits on a ten point scale. Alice is my 2 year old cousin who knows me well because I frequently babysit her. I recently observed her personality on the nine traits. These traits include; intensity, persistence, sensitivity, perceptiveness, adaptability, regularity, energy, first Wesley Yanghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01059482297084962090noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-21390346491982338.post-68999712222897038642020-05-06T23:08:00.001-07:002020-05-06T23:08:08.363-07:00Class Structure And Power Of The United States - 1348 Words Class in the United States What is the American Dream? This question is often asked and argued, having an unclear definition of what it really means. Many believe that it is a collection of ideals in which freedom gives anyone the opportunity of having job security, owning a home an obtaining a great education. While others, believe it is a promise that anyone may rise from poverty to wealth. The concept of having such high aspirations is often related to class structure and power. These terms are often linked as two abstract ideas that determine the basic framework of how we live in the United States. Furthermore, they represent the power to confine people into a socioeconomic status as Sociologist Karl Marx explains through his conflict perspective theory. Some believe that class structures are becoming more apparent as economic power continues to rise and the presence of the recent recession, still remains. This idea has made a clear distinction among social positions as people are classified into upper, m iddle and working classes. Although, some may argue that class structure and power can be modified, the social differences built by the minority in power still continue to be deeply rooted and cannot be adjusted. Social structure is an institutional framework created by patterns of social relationships and interactions among people. 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Pluralists theorist envision the state as a system that maintains consistent influence and protects the positions with in and of the political process exclusively as they engage availability to the anatomy of government. The state also protects Wesley Yanghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01059482297084962090noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-21390346491982338.post-57377708220924531222020-05-06T07:30:00.000-07:002020-05-06T07:31:00.634-07:00Brain nervous system Free Essays string(35) " hemisphere performs unique tasks\." Brain is the part of the nervous system that is enclosed in the skull. All vertebrates have well-developed brains; most invertebrates do not have true brains. Instead, they have groups of nerve cells called nerve nets, nerve cords, or ganglia. We will write a custom essay sample on Brain nervous system or any similar topic only for you Order Now The human brain is an extension of the spinal cord, and with it makes up the central nervous system. It contains billions of neurons, or nerve cells, each with more than 10, 000 synapses, or connections to other neurons. No two brain cells are alike. The brain cannot regenerate new brain cells but it can bypass dead or damaged cells to form new synapses between existing cells. The brain receives information from all parts of the body and sends out instructions to the bodyââ¬â¢s various organs and systems. The information and instructions travel through the brain in the form of nerve impulses, electrical signals that elicit chemical changes. The impulses travel along the neurons and move from one neuron to the next across the synapses by means of chemicals called neurotransmitters. It is through nerve impulses that the brain controls such activities as voluntary and involuntary movement (Zoeller, 2003). The brain is connected with the sense organs, muscles of the head, and internal organs of the body by 12 pairs of cranial nerves. Some of the cranial nerves, called motor nerves, carry impulses from the brain to various parts of the body. Others, called sensory nerves, carry impulses from the body back to the brain. Most pairs of cranial nerves contain one motor and one sensory nerve; a few pairs contain sensory nerves only. The brain consists of two types of tissue: (1) nerve cells, or gray matter; and (2) sheathed nerve fibers, or white matter. The sheath is composed of myelin, a fatty protein that protects and insulates the fibers. A large number of blood vessels carry nourishment to the brain. The brain extracts certain substances from the blood and metabolizes them (that is, produces chemical changes in them) to produce energy. Glucose, its main source of energy, is metabolized by a chemical reaction with oxygen carried in the blood. The human brain is more complex and has more functions than the brain of any other animal. It is the seat of consciousness and the coordinator of the nervous system. Thought, memory, imagination, and other mental processes are functions of the brain. Specific areas in the brain are responsible for language and emotions. The brain is the seat of sensations. All voluntary and some reflex muscular movements are initiated and regulated by the brain (Colzie, 2006). In addition, various parts of the brain control such automatic functions as heartbeat, temperature regulation, digestion, and breathing. The brain of the average human male weighs about 3 pounds (1. 4 kg); the human female, 2. 7 pounds (1. 2 kg). At birth, a babyââ¬â¢s brain weighs only 11 to 13 ounces (310 to 370 g), but it grows rapidly during the first years of life. By the age of seven, a childââ¬â¢s brain has reached nearly its full weight and volume, after which its growth is slow. The brain of a human male is fully grown by the 20th year, that of a female somewhat earlier. After the age of 20, the brain loses about one gram (0. 04 ounce) of weight per year (Spear, 1995). This study discusses the brain development and how it functions. II. Discussion Brain tissue is very soft and easily injured. It is well protected, however, by the skull and by three membranes of connective tissue, collectively called the meninges, between the skull and brain. The outermost membrane is thick and tough, and fits closely to the inner surface of the skull. This membrane is called the dura mater, which is Latin for ââ¬Å"hard mother. â⬠The innermost membrane is the pia mater, Latin for ââ¬Å"tender mother. â⬠This thin membrane contains a network of blood vessels. These blood vessels supply nourishment to the brain, and carry blood from its interior back to the heart. The pia mater conforms exactly to the outer surface of the brain itself (Cynader, 1994). Between the dura mater and the pia mater is the arachnoid, or ââ¬Å"spider-like,â⬠membrane. It is a soft, delicate, transparent tissue. The subarachnoid space, between the arachnoid membrane and the dura mater, is filled with cerebrospinal fluid, a clear, colorless liquid composed of protein, glucose, urea, and salts. It moistens the tissues of the brain and protects them from injury. The brain is also protected by the blood-brain barrier, a network of tightly meshed capillaries (tiny blood vessels) that selectively filter out harmful chemicals and waste products while permitting other substances, such as nutrients, to pass directly into the brain (Zoeller, 2003). This barrier prevents harmful compounds in the blood from being absorbed by brain tissue. A. Parts of the Brain The brain itself consists of three main parts: a large forward part called the forebrain; a narrow middle portion called the midbrain; and a rear part, called the hindbrain. It contains four cavities (hollow spaces called ventricles). The Forebrain, which is made up mainly a mass of neurons called the cerebrum, occupies most of the skull cavity and accounts for 90 percent of the weight of the entire brain. The surface of the cerebrum is a layer of gray matter called the cerebral cortex. It has many folds, or convolutions, which greatly increase its area. The longitudinal fissure, a deep cleft running from front to back, partially divides the cerebrum into right and left hemispheres. A central band of nerve fibers called the corpus collosum connects the two hemispheres. It contains bundles of nerve fibers called nerve tracts that carry information between the two hemispheres. The corticospinal tract carries impulses from the cerebral cortex to the spinal cord. Its fibers cross each other at the region where medulla oblongata (an area in the hindbrain) meets the spinal cord (Sousa, 2006). Thus, the left interprets the sensations of the right side of the body and vice versa. Each hemisphere performs unique tasks. You read "Brain nervous system" in category "Papers" The left hemisphere is responsible for logical thought, writing, and mathematical skills. The centers of language are also located here. Brocaââ¬â¢s area, situated in the frontal lobe (the forward section of the hemisphere), is responsible for the production of language. Wernickeââ¬â¢s area, situated in the temporal lobe, a section above the ears, is responsible for the comprehension of language. The two areas are connected by a bundle of fibers called the arcuata fasciculus. Damage to these fibers will cause speech impairment. The right hemisphere is responsible for intuition, musical and artistic ability, and analysis of visual patterns. Although each hemisphere is responsible for different functions, one can take over for the other in the event of localized brain damage (Puckett, 1999). The cerebral cortex contains two specialized areas: the somatic sensory cortex and the motor cortex. They are separated by the central fissure, a deep cleft perpendicular to the longitudinal fissure and extending across the roof of the brain. The somatic sensory cortex receives sensory signals from the skin, bones, joints, and muscles. The motor cortex controls the voluntary movement of muscles. Almost every part of the human body has a specific region controlling it in both the somatic sensory cortex and the motor cortex. Body parts that perform intricate movements, such as lips, hands, and legs, are controlled by large parts of the cortex. Body parts that perform gross movements, such as the shoulders and trunk, are controlled by smaller areas. Adjacent regions in the brain control adjacent body parts (Spear, 1995). The cortex of each cerebral hemisphere is divided into four sections, called lobes: 1. The Frontal Lobe, the forward, upper part of the cerebrum, includes the areas concerned with intelligence, judgment, emotional reaction, and the movement of skeletal muscles. 2. The Parietal Lobe, in the upper, back area of the cerebrum, receives and interprets the sensations of pressure, temperature, and position. 3. The Temporal Lobe, above ears, is concerned with hearing, memory, and understanding of speech. 4. The Occipital Lobe, in the back part of the cerebrum, is concerned with vision and the interpretation of objects that are seen. Each hemisphere contains a mass of nuclei called the thalamus (plural: thalami). It consists of gray matter that integrates a wide range of sensations from the visual and motor cortexes. It also plays a role in emotions. Above each thalamus are two basal ganglia, clusters of neurons that help regulate body movements (Cynader, 1994). Beneath the thalami is the hypothalamus, a mass of nerve cells and fibers that controls the reaction of the body of stress and to strong emotion. It also regulates the bodyââ¬â¢s water balance, temperature, appetite, sleepiness, and heart rate. Below and in front of the hypothalamus is the pituitary gland, which is partially controlled by the hypothalamus (Colzie, 2006). The pineal gland, or epiphysis, is a coneshaped organ located beneath the corpus callosum. It is connected by nerves to the eyes and is extremely sensitive to light. In response to darkness, it secretes melatonin, a hormone that is believed to induce sleep (Sousa, 2006). The olfactory bulbs, which govern the sense of smell, are located on the undersurface of the hemispheres. Nerves run from the nose through these bulbs to the cerebrum (Sousa, 2006). The Midbrain contains tracts (bundles) of nerve fibers that connect with other parts of the brain and with the spinal cord. The midbrain also has centers for auditory and visual reflexes, such as the contracting of the pupils (Sousa, 2006). The Hindbrain consists of three parts: (1) the cerebellum, behind and beneath the cerebrum; (2) the pons, beneath the midbrain and opposite the cerebellum; and (3) the medulla oblongata, attached at its base to the spinal cord (Sousa, 2006). The cerebellum, like the cerebrum, has a convoluted surface. The chief function of the cerebellum is to coordinate and regulate movements of the skeletal muscles. (The movements, however, are initiated and controlled by the cerebrum). When the cerebellum is damaged, ordinary movements directed by the cerebrum cannot be carried out. Limb movements become slow and jerky, and speech may become slurred. The pons is a smooth-surfaced bulge between the midbrain and the medulla oblongata. It contains tracts that connect the two sides of the cerebellum, and tracts that connect other parts of the brain with each other and with the spinal cord. Many of the cranial nerves pass through here. The pons controls the motor and sensory nerves to the eyes, jaw, face, and muscles. Together with the cerebellum, it regulates posture and balance (Puckett, 1999). The medulla oblongata is smooth, without convolutions. It contains three important nerve centers: one affects the rate of heartbeat; one controls breathing; and one produces the constriction of blood vessels to control the volume of blood supply to the tissues. It is also the site where the nerves from the left hemisphere cross over to control the right side of the body and vice versa. Reflex centers of vomiting and swallowing also lie in the medulla. The midbrain, pons, and medulla, oblongata together form a structure called the brain stem. Deep within the brains tem, extending from the medulla to the midbrain is a network of nerve cells and fibers called the reticular formation (Cynader, 1994). The reticular formation regulates the amount and speed of electrical activity in the cerebral cortex. Many sensory nerves feed into it. It is believed to be the seat of consciousness. Ventricles. There are four ventricles within the brain. These cavities are connected to each other and to the hollow core of the spinal cord. The largest cavities are the two lateral ventricles, located in each hemisphere of the cerebrum. Beneath the lateral ventricles is the third ventricle and under it is the fourth. Cerebrospinal fluid is formed and stored in the ventricles (Cynader, 1994). Within the lateral ventricles is the limbic system, a group of structures that controls emotions and behavior, stores memories, and is involved in learning. It contains two masses if gray matter: the amygdale and the hippocampus. B. Chemistry of the Brain Since the early 1970ââ¬â¢s, researchers have discovered that the brain contains more than 50 neurotransmitters, chemical substances that facilitate the transmission of nerve impulses between neurons. They interact with specific receptor sites in the brain to elicit chemical changes. Some circulate throughout the body (Spear, 1995). All neurotransmitters have chemical precursors. These are substances, composed of glucose and amino acids, which are produced elsewhere in the body and are carried in the bloodstream. The precursors are able to cross the blood-brain barrier into the brain, where they are eventually converted into neurotransmitters (Spear, 1995). The quantities of neurotransmitters in the brain are affected by the consumption of certain foods and also by strenuous exercise. Endorphins make up a family of neurotransmitters that act as natural painkillers. They moderate the amount of pain an individual feels. They are composed of chains of amino acids called peptides. Narcotic analgesic drugs, such as heroin or morphine, effectively reduce pain by occupying the same receptor sites and producing the same interactions as endorphins. These drugs are often prescribed for severe pain or when there is a delay or malfunction in the release of the natural painkillers (Zoeller, 2003). Acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter that functions in storing memories, regulating moods, and controlling body movements. Consumption of such foods as eggs, soybeans, and liver increases its production. All of these contain lecithin, which is converted into choline in the liver. Choline is a chemical precursor that is converted into acetylcholine in the brain. Serotonin, a neurotransmitter found only in the hypothalamus and midbrain, relieves depression, reduces sensitivity to pain, and induces sleep. Its chemical precursor is tryptophan, which is found in the protein in meat, fowl, and fish. Norepinephrine is another neurotransmitter that helps relieved depression (Zoeller, 2003). Its precursor is tyrosine, which is also found in protein. Strenuous exercise increases the production of endorphins and norepinephrine. It is this increased production that causes ââ¬Å"runnerââ¬â¢s highââ¬âan increased tolerance to pain and a state of euphoria experienced by many long-distance runners. III. Conclusion In conclusion, as I study this subject I have discovered one thing and that isââ¬â brain is like your computerââ¬â¢s body. It receives information from the internal organs such as the heart, intestines and from the sense organsââ¬âthe eyes, the ears, the tongue, the skin and the nose. It makes me think that the brain is the control center of the body. It receives all messages from different parts of the body, interpret them, and tell the parts what to do. Moreover, as what I have understood from the research I conducted, it gives me an idea that the brain is not completely developed even in full-term newborn infants. A great deal of brain development takes place in the first few months of postnatal life; and, in fact, brain growth continues at least until adolescence, and perhaps in adulthood. Some nerve fibers in the brain develop myelin sheaths. Many of these nerve fibers have not become myelinated by the time of birth. The process of myelination continues for years, especially in the reticular formation and parts of the forebrain. Reference: 1. Colzie, Lakesha (2006). The First Three Years and Beyond: Brain Development and Social Policy. Childhood Education, Vol. 82. 2. Cynader, Max S. (1994). Mechanisms of Brain Development and Their Role in Health and Well-Being . Daedalus, Vol. 123. 3. Meltzoff, Andrew N. (2002). The Imitative Mind: Development, Evolution, and Brain Bases. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge, England. 4. Puckett, Margaret (1999). Examining the Emergence of Brain Development Research. Childhood Education, Vol. 76. 5. Sousa, David A. (2006). How the Arts Develop the Young Brain: Neuroscience Research Is Revealing the Impressive Impact of Arts Instruction on Studentsââ¬â¢ Cognitive, Social and Emotional Development. School Administrator, Vol. 63. 6. Spear, Norman E. (1995). Neurobehavioral Plasticity: Learning, Development, and Response to Brain Insults. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Hillsdale, NJ. 7. Zoeller, R. Thomas (2003). Thyroid Toxicology and Brain Development: Should We Think Differently? Envir How to cite Brain nervous system, Papers Wesley Yanghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01059482297084962090noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-21390346491982338.post-80690685027465659802020-04-23T23:27:00.001-07:002020-04-23T23:27:02.300-07:00Using Affirmative Action to Promote Womens free essay sample The empowerment of persons who are vulnerable and excluded, promotion of social justice and equity are the main concerns of social policies, and this should transcend all aspects of society, including participation in governance and decision making. Inspite of the pivotal role women in Ghana play within the family, they are invisibly represented in governance and decision making sector of the economy. This is because there is no concrete policy measures in place to ensure that the structural inequality between men and women are taken into account in promoting participation in policy decision.Efforts are being made at various levels to address the marginalization of women in Ghanaââ¬â¢s politics and other spheres of life, but this still remains an area of concern. In a country where women constitute about 51 percent, their involvement in development issues and political leadership should be of grave concern, and given due consideration. Affirmative action Policy is therefore viewed as the appropriate instrument to enhance womenââ¬â¢s participation in governance and decision making in Ghana. We will write a custom essay sample on Using Affirmative Action to Promote Womens or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This paper will therefore review womenââ¬â¢s participation/empowerment in Ghana; outline various commitments seeking to enhance womenââ¬â¢s participation in Ghana; the Affirmative Action Policy and finally look at expected outcomes of the Affirmative Action Policy and how it will enhance womenââ¬â¢s participation in Ghana. WOMENââ¬â¢S PARTICIPATION IN GHANA Although there is no law in Ghana that prevents women from participating in politics or in areas of Ghanaââ¬â¢s economic or social life, women are generally under-represented in politics and in public life.There seems to be no long term strategic framework put in place to address this failure. This has been attributed to a lack of political will and a deficient commitment to gender equality among political parties. Gender advocates have asked that government and its agencies, political parties and relevant public and private institutions should take actions that ensure and assure their active commitment to improving the current situation of womenââ¬â¢s low representation in politics and public appointive positions at all levels. Wesley Yanghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01059482297084962090noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-21390346491982338.post-92087940232314839842020-03-17T17:38:00.001-07:002020-03-17T17:38:02.810-07:00Free Essays on Mayas Vs. Incasââ¬Å"Noble life demands a noble architecture for noble uses of noble men. Lack of culture means what it has always meant: ignoble civilization and therefore imminent downfall,â⬠a quote from Frank Lloyd Wright. The Mayan and the Incan cultures were very different from one another. Who are the Incan people and the Mayan people and how did they relate and differ from each other? The Mayan empire was located in Mexico and Central America. The Maya area is situated in the southeastern part of Meso-America, which is also the most diverse land in the world. The Mayan civilization contained all of the Yucatn Peninsula, in the present-day Mexico, and parts of the present-day Guatemala, Honduras, and El Salvador. There are two natural settings in the land of the Maya, highlands and lowlands. Volcanoes dominate the Mayan highlands, both extinct and active. This land curves down from southeastern Chipas towards lower Central America. Rain and erosion have made a rough landscape, with deep ravines, and there are few broad valleys. The highland vegetation is closely related to the soils and topography. On the tops of the slopes and ridges, pines and grasses grow. But down in the ravines where thereââ¬â¢s moisture, oaks dominate. In the family life, immediately after birth, the babiesââ¬â¢ parents went to consult with a priest to learn the destiny of their child and the name it was to have until baptism. The young men stayed apart from their families and they lived special houses where they learned about war. Girls were brought up by their mothers and suffered harsh punishments for the loss of their chastity. Marriages were arranged and there were strict rules about with whom an agreement could or couldnââ¬â¢t be formed with. Monogamy was general, but adultery was punished by death. In the government, political power over much of the Mayan area was in Mexican or Mexican- influenced control. Small towns were headed by t... Free Essays on Mayas Vs. Incas Free Essays on Mayas Vs. Incas ââ¬Å"Noble life demands a noble architecture for noble uses of noble men. Lack of culture means what it has always meant: ignoble civilization and therefore imminent downfall,â⬠a quote from Frank Lloyd Wright. The Mayan and the Incan cultures were very different from one another. Who are the Incan people and the Mayan people and how did they relate and differ from each other? The Mayan empire was located in Mexico and Central America. The Maya area is situated in the southeastern part of Meso-America, which is also the most diverse land in the world. The Mayan civilization contained all of the Yucatn Peninsula, in the present-day Mexico, and parts of the present-day Guatemala, Honduras, and El Salvador. There are two natural settings in the land of the Maya, highlands and lowlands. Volcanoes dominate the Mayan highlands, both extinct and active. This land curves down from southeastern Chipas towards lower Central America. Rain and erosion have made a rough landscape, with deep ravines, and there are few broad valleys. The highland vegetation is closely related to the soils and topography. On the tops of the slopes and ridges, pines and grasses grow. But down in the ravines where thereââ¬â¢s moisture, oaks dominate. In the family life, immediately after birth, the babiesââ¬â¢ parents went to consult with a priest to learn the destiny of their child and the name it was to have until baptism. The young men stayed apart from their families and they lived special houses where they learned about war. Girls were brought up by their mothers and suffered harsh punishments for the loss of their chastity. Marriages were arranged and there were strict rules about with whom an agreement could or couldnââ¬â¢t be formed with. Monogamy was general, but adultery was punished by death. In the government, political power over much of the Mayan area was in Mexican or Mexican- influenced control. Small towns were headed by t... Wesley Yanghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01059482297084962090noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-21390346491982338.post-71920416206693175612020-03-01T09:24:00.001-08:002020-03-01T09:24:03.420-08:00Writing an Inquiry Response Business LetterWriting an Inquiry Response Business Letter This guide to responding to inquiry letters is written especially for English language learners. It covers standard structure and phrases used in responses. Inquiries arrive in order to ask for more information about a product or a service. The speed with which you reply, as well as how helpful you are in providing information requested will ensure that your inquiry response is successful. It is very important to make a good impression when responding to inquiries from potential customers. Of course, the best impression will be made by providing the materials or information that the prospective client has asked for, this positive impression will be improved by a well-written response. Business Letter Basics Theà basics of business letter writingà are similar for each type of business letter. Remember to place your or your companys address at the top of the letter (or use your companys letterhead), followed by the address of the company you are writing to. The date can either be placed double spaced down or to the right. You can also include a reference number for correspondence. For further types of business letters, use this guide to different types of business letters to refine your skills for specific business purposes such as making inquiries, adjusting claims, writing cover letters, and more. Important Language to Remember The StartDear Mr, Ms (Mrs, Miss- its very important to use Ms for women unless asked to use Mrs or Miss)Thanking the Potential Customer for His/Her InterestThank you for your letter of... inquiring (asking for information) about...We would like to thank you for your letter of... inquiring (asking for information) about...Providing Requested MaterialsWe are pleased to enclose...Enclosed you will find...We enclose...Providing Additional InformationWe would also like to inform you...Regarding your question about...In answer to your question (inquiry) about...Closing a Letter Hoping for Future BusinessWe look forward to... hearing from you / receiving your order / welcoming you as our client (customer).SignatureYours sincerely (remember use Yours faithfully when you dont know the name of the person you are writing and Yours sincerely when you do. Example Jackson Brothers3487 23rd StreetNew York, NY 12009Kenneth BeareAdministrative DirectorEnglish Learners Company2520 Visita AvenueOlympia, WA 98501September 12, 2000Dear Mr. BeareThank you for your inquiry of 12 September asking for the latest edition of our catalog.We are pleased to enclose our latest brochure. We would also like to inform you that it is possible to make purchases online at jacksonbros.com.We look forward to welcoming you as our customer.Yours sincerely(Signature)Dennis JacksonMarketing DirectorJackson Brothers Wesley Yanghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01059482297084962090noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-21390346491982338.post-10475025476728674652020-02-14T00:50:00.001-08:002020-02-14T00:50:02.811-08:00Capstone Part 2 Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6250 wordsCapstone Part 2 - Term Paper Example In attempting to achieve its goal, Telsa uses batteries and powertrains that are designed to reduce worldwide reliance on fuel powered transport and at the same time, reduce the price of electric vehicles. Telsa cooperates with automobile makers with a view to putting more electric cars on the market. So far the list of Telsa vehicles are the Roadster which was introduced in 2008; the Model S which was introduced in 2012 and the Model X which is forthcoming in 2015 (Telsa Motors, Inc., 2014). Telsaââ¬â¢s Roadster was introduced as a sports car with the ability to accelerate from 0 mph to 60 mph in just 3.7 second and could travel 245 miles for each charge. The Model S, a sedan, goes from 0 mph to 60 mph in 4.2 seconds and travels 265 miles for each charge. This car was awarded the car of the year and the U.S. National Highway Safety Administration conferred a 5-star safety rating on the car. The forthcoming Model X is a cross between a SUV and a minivan (Telsa Motors, Inc., 2014). Telsaââ¬â¢s recorded revenue is US$2.01B and its sales growth for 2013 was 387.2%. Telsaââ¬â¢s main competitors are Mitsubishi Motors Corp. ADS, Peugeot A.A. ADS, Tata Motors Ltd. ADS, Mazda Motor Corp.; Kia Motors Corp., Renault S.A., Fuji Heavy Industries Ltd. ADS and Fiat Chrysler Automobiles N.V. The competitors are listed in order of ranking and Telsa ranks near the bottom directly above Fuji Heavy Industries Ltd. ADS (Market Watch, 2014). Telsa as an organization is managed by a board of directors. Elon Musk, one of the founders of Telsa is the Chairman of the board and Telsa and is in charge of Product Architect and CEO of Telsa. Musk maintains oversight of Telsaââ¬â¢s product strategy which includes the design, manufacturing and engineering of increasingly cost friendly electric vehicles for the average consumer. As the companyââ¬â¢s CEO, Musk oversees the companyââ¬â¢s daily Wesley Yanghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01059482297084962090noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-21390346491982338.post-77073232475276929782020-02-01T14:44:00.001-08:002020-02-01T14:44:02.431-08:00Life safety Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1Life safety - Essay Example The rapid spread of fire was caused by the presence of computers and other equipments in the open spaces. There were plastic cabinets that increased the intensity of fire while the building staff took a long time to realize the cause of fire alarms, and this resulted in delayed reporting to the fire department. The building was constructed in accordance with the 1960 edition of the Los Angeles City Building Code which required automatic sprinkler system in basement areas and standpipes for high-rise buildings. Incidentally, the owners had already installed an automatic sprinkler system which was part of an extra precaution against fire although this was not required during that time by fire codes. However, since work was still in progress the system was not activated. For this reason, at the time of the fire the valves controlling the sprinklers were closed. The fire spread in the entire 12th floor including open areas and office enclosures, and then spread to the upper floors up to the 16th floor mainly through broken windows. The fire reached such a state of magnitude because of the building staffââ¬â¢s delayed notification to the fire department. Therefore, one recommendation was that fire needs to be detected at its incipient stage. Second, the presence of all precautions like automatic sprinklers, alarm system and emergency procedures can be effective only if there are trained personnel (First Interstate Bank Building Fire, 1988). This 2009 incident occurred on February 9 in Bejing. The fire broke out in a modern architectural 34-story building which was located in the CCTV complex. The fire was caused by high-explosive pyrotechnic devices which were set off by surrounding residents including the chief of construction hired by CCTV as part of their New Year program. According to Chinese officials, there were leftover firecrackers in the southern roof of the burning building. The fire spread over an area of 100,000 Wesley Yanghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01059482297084962090noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-21390346491982338.post-77757799674012248552020-01-24T11:07:00.001-08:002020-01-24T11:07:03.309-08:00The Use of Computer Technology in the Classroom :: Teaching Education EssaysThe Use of Computer Technology in the Classroom The classroom as we know it is undergoing dramatic changes in the information age. New technologies have always been introduced into the classroom such as overhead projectors, televisions, and even instructor-operated computers, but they never significantly affected the process or the experience of teaching and learning. However, individual computers and the advent of digital textbooks have emerged to reshape and redefine the classroom. Many debate the effects of e-books and the Internet on students and the overall impact that it will have on the educational system as a whole. While keeping up to date with technology is an important aspect of growing up in the digital age, some traditional forms of teaching seem to benefit the individual student in ways that computers cannot imitate. The invention of the computer and the Internet has allowed enormous amounts of information to be accessed. This influx of information and the current rise of interactivity on the Web attract many schools eager to teach their students in a more modern fashion. The race to become a technologically advanced school has also resulted in a market push for items such as electronic textbooks and other interactive learning supplements. The information age definitely calls for a technologically based learning experience; however, many debate about how far technology should be allowed to penetrate into the classroom. Neil Postman's book, Technopoly, warns that technology produces winners and losers, and that sometimes the winner does not become clear until the loser has disappeared (Butler, 1). If this is the case, it is highly important that the affects of integrating a modern technologically advanced classroom equipped with individual laptops and e-books are studied before they are imposed up on innocent children. The debate against the implementation of electronic textbooks and the digital classroom has many elements. One of the hardest things to prove to educators and academics is the true effectiveness and advantages of e-books compared to other forms of learning. The U.S. National Science Board of Science and Engineering Indicators stated in 1998 that, ââ¬Å"the fundamental dilemma of computer-based instruction and other IT-based educational technologies is that their cost effectiveness compared to other forms of instruction-for example, smaller class sizes, self-paced learning, peer teaching, small group learning, innovative curricula, and in class tutors-has never been provenâ⬠(Alliance, 1). It appears that in order for e-books and other technologies to enter the classroom they must prove that they have distinct advantages over traditional forms of learning, and currently there is no such proof. Wesley Yanghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01059482297084962090noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-21390346491982338.post-14544018431581395282020-01-16T07:30:00.001-08:002020-01-16T07:30:04.111-08:00Lucky Jim AnalysisThe conversation between Dixon and Bertrand is direct and to the point with the use of emotive and, at times, offensive language. For instance, Bertrand uses phrases like your so called mind' and you dirty little bar- fly, you nasty little Jumped up turf'. In between the speech Amiss is a great observer of human movement and highlights the tension between the two men with the language he uses and the use of short sentences, for example ââ¬ËAxon moved a pace nearer' and ââ¬Ëhe clenched his fists' and the Impact had hurt them rather'.Malls describes Bertrand breath as Whistling through his nose' which accurately depicts he image of someone beginning to get irate. Throughout the passage, out of the two men, Dixon is depicted as more in control and powerful than Bertrand even though being the lesser build of the two men. Bertrand says to Dixon you're simply not up to my weight. If you want a fight pick someone your own size, then you might stand a chance. ââ¬Ë Dixon, by his resp onse, is clearly not threatened by this at all.It could be seen as an empty threat because Bertrand does not expect Dixon to retaliate, but rather simply Just to back down considering their positions. Undeterred by the physical threats, Dixon moves ââ¬Ëa pace rarer' and unleashes an articulate and fast moving annihilation of Bertrand character; you're a twister and a snob and a bully and a fool'. Bertrand Is shown to be clearly stunned by this as he makes ââ¬Ëno attempt to interrupt'. Dioxins confidence is clearly rallied by the fact that he is armed with the information that Bertrand has been having an affair with Carol Goldsmith.Bertrand physical strength over Dixon is again highlighted by when it says that ââ¬Ëhe came and stood over Dixon'. Amiss adds slight humor to the passage as Dixon attempts to further wind up Bertrand and SSH him over the edge by saying What are we going to do, dance? , still staying fairly calm himself. Bertrand however triggers the fight that he so desires by calling Dixon ââ¬ËSam'. Even then, Dixon Is shown to be more in control as ââ¬Ëhe took off his glasses and put them In his top Jacket pocket'.Malls again uses humor In his depletion of this rather ungainly scene as the two men ââ¬Ëfaced each other on the floral rug'. Malls' description of the rug as floral creates a contrast with the aggression of the scene and introduces the idea to the reader described as ââ¬Ëelbows crooked in uncertain attitudes, as if about to begin some ritual f which neither had learnt the cues'. The way the passage is written emphasizes that both men are out of place as one would expect a vocal argument between an artist and a history teacher as opposed to a physical fight.The explosion of the china figurine as it hits the hearth 'emphasizing the silence which fell' highlights the awkwardness of the scene. In contrast to Dixon controlled manner Bertram is made to look clumsy and a character of ridicule in the way he is shown to â⬠ËJab' at Dixon face, loses his balance and is hit hard by Dixon on the larger and more convoluted of his ears'. The reader is to encouraged by the use of this description to feel any sympathy for Bertrand.His language is not eloquent in the same way that Dixon is, but relies more on taunts and school boy retorts like you've got it coming' and ââ¬ËI'll show you'. This threatening and childlike language is very different from Dixon more controlled responses like ââ¬ËI'm not the sort to do that' when Bertrand threatens him if he tells Christine about his indiscretions with Carol. Amiss uses repetition at the end of the passage when Dixon thinks about Bertrand as a ââ¬Ëbloody old dowser-faced boot-faced totem poll' and then repeats this insult out odd.The use of repetition is not only humorous but it emphasizes the point and leaves the reader in no doubt with regard to who the winner of this fight is, both on a physical and intellectual level. It is also quite a breakthrough f or Dixon, almost more so than when he actually punches Bertrand, as it is the first point in the play when he actually says what he is thinking. The knocking on the door is even described as ââ¬Ëdiscreetly applauding this terminology. Dixon is again shown to be a character of strength and control by the way he says ââ¬ËCome in' with ââ¬Ëreflex promptness' and appears to be unpleased by the fight. Wesley Yanghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01059482297084962090noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-21390346491982338.post-61990289580828217602020-01-08T03:52:00.001-08:002020-01-08T03:52:02.738-08:00Impact Of The Industrial Revolution On The United States The Industrial Revolution brought about an overwhelming amount of economic change to the United States. The first Industrial Revolution started in Great Britain and in Europe in the latter part of the eighteenth century and, it then spread to the United States and Germany. The Industrial Revolution itself refers to a change from hand and home production to machine and factory (Kelly). During this time period, America was growing in knowledge. The industrialization of America involved three great developments. Transportation was expanded, electricity was effectively harnessed and many improvements were made to several industrial processes (Kelly). Although this change greatly helped the United States economy, it had both a positive and negative impact on the lives of the American people. Transportation was improved. New forms of transportation included steam power, improved roads, railroads, bridges, canals and ships. These new improved mean of transportation allowed people to travel cross country and to ship goods to new markets in a matter of days as opposed to months. The railroads eventually became the nationââ¬â¢s number one transportation system, and remained so until the construction of the interstate highway halfway during the Twentieth century. The late 19th century belonged to the railroads. They were of crucial importance in stimulating economic expansion (American History). Another extremely important invention during the late nineteenth century that led toShow MoreRelatedSecond Industrial Revolution Essay871 Words à |à 4 Pages An Industrial Revolution is the ââ¬Å"change in social and economic organization that resulted from the replacement of the hand tools with machines and from the development of large-scale industrial productionâ⬠(Danzer R50). The Second Industrial Revolution happened nearly one hundred years later after the First Industrial Revolution in England during the 1760s (Fagnilli 7). 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The industrial revolution brought with it change, whether that change was positive or negative is questionable however it did change the world as it was known. In both England and the United States of America strong industrial revolutions struck, the revolutions would change roles in the household and society for both women and me and theRead MoreAssignment 3: Environmental Issues and the Industrial Revolution895 Words à |à 4 PagesModule 1 Assignment 3 SCI201 Ecology and Environmental Sustainability Argosy University The Industrial Revolution, which took place in the 18th to the 19th centuries, was an era during which essentially uncultivated, rural societies in America and other countries became industrial and urban. Before the Industrial Revolution, which began in Britain during the late 1700s, construction was mostly done by using hand tools or basic machines. Mechanization marked a shifted to powered, special-purposeRead Morefactors that contributed to the rise and development of sociology1511 Words à |à 7 Pagesunrests especially the French Revolution that took over from the eighteenth century to the nineteenth century. The turmoil of the French Revolution spread throughout Europe and other nations. Kornblum (2008) suggests that the political upheavals were associated with tremendous social changes. The political revolutions demolished the old social order and monarchies. There was social chaos and disorder in societies that were resulted in by the political revolutions especially in th e French societyRead MoreImmigration During the Industrial Revolution822 Words à |à 4 Pagesduring the Industrial Revolution Immigration was a huge part of the industrial revolution, some migrated legal, some illegal. Either way, many immigrants came to the United States searching for a dream, the American dream to be precise. This leads to the question; Why did people immigrate to America? There can be many answers to this question, but some of the most important answers are: political, others economic, while yet others religious, whatever the case was, the United States became a mixRead MoreThe Invention Of The First Industrial Revolution1391 Words à |à 6 PagesThe First Industrial Revolution Envision living in a society dominated by factories that just recently transformed from arable land and farms. Imagine constantly hearing about brand new inventions and ideas that were deemed impossible only a few years ago. Visualize working long hours in cramped factories, in exchange for low pay and contagious diseases. For some people that lived during the age of industrialization, this was their reality of life. During the 18th and 19th century, the world wasRead MoreIndustrial Revolution Essay example1295 Words à |à 6 PagesThe Industrial Revolution was a period from the 18th to the 19th century where major changes in agriculture, manufacturing and technology had a profound effect on the socioeconomic and cultural conditions of the world. The Industrial Revolution began in the United Kingdom as large deposits of coal and iron were found throughout the land which brought the rise of factories and machines, the idea then subsequently spread throughout the world. It was perhaps one of the greatest moments in human historyRead MoreThe Industrial Revolution Impacted Women923 Words à |à 4 PagesIn my thesis, I contend that the Industrial Revolution impacted women because women in the working and poor classes were a key labor force in mills and factories, they supported their role as the backbone of the household economy by completing housework in the middle class, and finally the Industrial Revolution made an impact on the contributions of ideas made by women. Firstly, the Industrial Revolution affected women in the working and poor classes by allowing them to work in factories and millsRead MoreThe Industrial Revolution And The Effects On Women s Rights1569 Words à |à 7 PagesThe Industrial Revolution and the Effects on Women s Rights The Industrial Revolution was one of the most important and productive periods of history. The Industrial Revolution has to do with the time between the late 18th century and mid-19th century where there were profound advances in production, manufacturing, and other fields of engineering. It began in Great Britain in the late 1700s which then spread to the United States and then to many other parts of the world. Societies were very rural Wesley Yanghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01059482297084962090noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-21390346491982338.post-61815638026050916502019-12-31T00:17:00.001-08:002019-12-31T00:17:05.242-08:00The Comparison Study Of Financial Supervision Finance Essay - Free Essay Example Sample details Pages: 21 Words: 6448 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Compare and contrast essay Did you like this example? From the early 2007, the financial crisis which was caused by the subprime crisis has spread to global and many of the economy through multiple channels, has caused a great impact and destruction in the international financial order. Since the crisis, governments take active measures to save, meanwhile, begin to reflection the cause of crisis. The international society generally recognized, lack of financial supervision is an important source of the crisis, under the circumstances when the risk preference of investors is increasing. The asset price bubbles which were brought by excessive inflation of real estate market increased market investors risk preference. At the same time, financial institution relaxed the management of credit risk under propel of interests. The great gap between supervision and speculation made regulators fail to find out when subprime loans circulated in the market by securitization, which finally caused the spread of the global financ ial crisis. After the crisis, U.S, EU and other main economies have actively introduced major financial supervision reform measures, the international community has accelerated the pace of regulatory cooperation at the same time. November 15th, 2008, the leaders of G20 group held a summit conference about financial market and world in Washington, U.S, this is the first time of G20 summit in history. In April and September of 2009, the second and third summit was held by the G20 leaders in London, UK and Pittsburgh, U.S, separately, some main issues like promote economic growth, against protectionism, the IMFs endowment and strength financial supervision were discussed during the conferences. In London Summit, leaders thought that is necessary to implementing regulation and supervision for all financial institutions, financial products and financial market which have systemic influences, the first put forward to let hedge funds in financial supervision. On September 25th, 2009, fi nancial stability council announced Overview of Progress in Implementing the London Summit Recommendations for Strengthening Financial Stability after the summit in Pittsburgh, introduced the measures and progress about implementing related suggestions of London summit and financial stability council. So far, a global financial regulatory reform tide was formed. On July 21st, 2010, President Barack Obama has signed into law the biggest overhaul of American financial regulation in decades. Thus, in less than two years after Lehman brothers bankruptcy and detonated the global financial crisis, this bill which named Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act formally went into effect, the biggest reform of US financial regulation since the Great Depression was started. Federal Reserve chairman Ben Bernanke says, financial regulatory reform will strengthen supervision of enterprise which is big enough to pose risk to the financial system, prevent the crisis repeat, and keep the independence of The Fed in monetary policy. This international financial crisis has little impact of Chinas financial system, the main reason is insufficient of Chinas financial market development and innovation, which avoid the influence of external systemic risk. However, along with continuous development of the global economy integration process, accelerate open financial markets and the pace of financial innovation is the trend of the times, the connection of Chinas financial market and international financial market will increasingly close, the facing challenge and risk will more and more big. In the tide of international financial regulatory reform, China should base on the situation, actively learn from western developed countries financial regulatory reform experience, further perfect financial supervision. 2)outline In this paper, I would like to study about the financial supervision reform measures after the crisis comparatively, and find out what China can learn from them. In Chapter 1, I will introduce the background of financial regulatory reform after the crisis, the efforts of international society for perfecting the reform in financial supervision, and then the frame of this paper briefly. In Chapter 2, review some theoretical and empirical literature. I will define financial regulation and then begin with a brief history of financial regulation. After that, I will point out some major issues the regulation that still face. Such as financial supervision and the vacuum long-term existence, supervision philosophy have too much stress on microcosmic prudent supervision, coordination between national regulation and international supervision has problems, whether we should limit executive compensation in financial area, and so on. In the next Chapter, I will compare the reform measures of some main countries and areas (America, England, EU and Japan), to see what they have done to improve the financial supervision system, and find out common ground and differentia of these measures. In Chapter 4, I will first introduce the current situation of Chinas financial regulation system. Secondly, state briefly of problems that still exists, such as imperfect of legal system of financial regulation, poor coordination between financial institutions, regulators need to improve quality and social supervision environment needs further improvement . Finally, analysis reform direction and solutions of problems. In the last Chapter, I will conclude this paper and point out the insufficient parts of this paper, and how to improve it. II Literature Review III Analysis of financial supervision reform of US and UK 1)Major national financial supervision and change (A)American financial regulatory reform The U.S financial crisis was considered the most severe economic crisis since the 1930s depression. Throughout the crisis, the United States government and financial regulators has an unshakable resp onsibility to the cause and spread of the crisis. Facing the criticism of the outside to the U.S financial supervision system, American financial supervision system reform as follows: On 17th, June, 2009, the Obama government official announced the comprehensive financial regulatory reform plan, will build security perimeter from supervision of financial institutions and financial market, the protection of consumer rights and interests, crisis management and international cooperation, Expect to restore confidence in the U.S financial system. After more than a year of work and two weeks of negotiations, lawmakers finished melding different versions of Wall Street reform. And the House passed the bill on 21st, July, 2010, which is a declaration that the financial supervision system reform finally decided. Heres a breakdown of key measure in the bill. New oversight power: Creates a new 10-member oversight council consisting of financial regulators to look out for major problem s at financial firms and throughout the financial system. The Treasury Secretary gains a key role in enforcing tougher regulations on larger firms and watching for systemic risk. The council reserves the right to affirm that which financial institutions may impact on market system, thus put more strict regulatory requirements of these institutions in the capital and liquidity. Creating a consumer agency: Establishes an independent Consumer Financial Protection Bureau housed inside the Federal Reserve. Fees paid by bank fun the agency, which would set rules to curb unfair practices in consumer loans and credit cards. Regulating derivatives: Would force most derivatives to be bought and sold on clearinghouses and exchanges. Some derivatives, including those traded by agriculture companies and airlines to mitigate risk, would still be unregulated. Reining in risky bets: Limits the size and scope of banks investment activities. While the original proposal would have banned bank s from owning hedge funds, the bill would allow banks to sink up to 3% of capital into hedge funds or private equity funds. Also prevents banks from trading derivatives, even for their clients accounts. Banks would be forced to spin off their swaps desks that make these trades. Dealing with too big to fail firms: Creates a new process for unwinding big financial firms that resembles the powers that the Federal Deposit Insurance Corp, has to shut failing banks. Firms that sell mortgage-backed securities must keep at least 5% of the credit risk, unless the underlying loans meet new standards that reduce risk. Banks would be taxed to pay for unwinding banks after a collapse. Checking on the Fed: Gives regulators strengthened power to break up financial companies that have grown too big, but only if the firms threaten to destabilize the financial system. Meanwhile, allows Congress to order the Government Accountability Office to review Fed activities, excluding monetary policy. Au dits would be allowed two years after the Fed makes emergency loans and gives financial help to ailing financial firms. Curbing executive pay: The bill would also impose new rules for how all publicly-traded companies, not just banks and other financial firms, pay top executives. The Fed will supervise pay for executives and ensure executive compensation system will not lead to excessive risk. The Fed will provide guidance rather than programmatic formulate specific rules. Once found in enterprise salary system for high-risk business, the Fed has rights to intervene and stop. (B) Britains financial regulation reform As one of global financial centers, Britain also receives an extremely serious impact in this crisis, therefore it is also one of the most active countries to promote financial supervision reform. After the crisis, Britains financial supervision system relatively minor adjustments, one reason is that Britains financial regulatory reforms have been quick to the U nited States and the European Union. In June, 2000, Britain has passed Financial Services and Markets Act 2000, complete financial supervision from the supervised respectively to the combination of supervision. The financial services authority (FSA) which is founded according to the law has been described as the worlds most powerful comprehensive financial regulators, Britain also become the model of international financial regulatory reform. However, Britains regulatory system still cant prevent crisis. In 2007, the Northern Rock, which is one of the five mortgages lending institutions, dragged by American subprime mortgages, down on the brink of bankruptcy. After injection by the bank of England, Britains financial officials said, would establish a new Financial Stability Committee (FSC), to keep the FSA as the only role of regulators in banking. At the same time, plan to grant central bank the legal liability of keeping stable in the turbulence of the market, in order to make timely response during crisis. To maintain financial stability, on 8th July 2009, the HM Treasury (UK Treasury) published the White Paper titled Reforming Financial Markets, puts forward a series of reforms. First, maintain the Britains financial regulatory model Tripartite Authorities, which is consisted of the Financial Services Authority (FSA), the UK Treasury and the Bank of England (BOE), strengthen the FSAs governance arrangements and statutory framework. At the same time, introduce to create a new Council for Financial Stability (CFS), which will coordinate tripartite and intervene when in a significant risk. Second, formulate the British government entitle to nationalize deposit institutions when it appears risk which is serious harm of financial stability. Third, put forward four measures to prevent large financial institutions to appear risk, which are strengthened market discipline, enhanced prudential supervision, systemically significant financial institutio ns will be required to prepare detailed contingency plans for their own failure in advance and simplification of market infrastructure on securitization products and financial derivation. Forth, propose the principle of who make mistakes, who pay tax benefit, in order to protect the interests of taxpayers, resolve the cost problem of financial system risk. Meanwhile, expand the role for the Financial Service Compensation Scheme (FSCS). The White Paper envisages that it would be better to have some pre-funding. Fifth, the White Paper announces a range of measures designed to protect the interests of consumers and achieve a fair and competitive market for consumers. Finally, emphasize financial supervision of international cooperation. 2) Comparative analysis of major national financial regulatory reform Common ground Overview of these schemes, although the specific content and measures exist partly differences, which reflects different attitude and emphasis on vario us countries and regions in the reform of the financial supervision, but there are more similarities. For example, care about financial stability and systemic risk, enhance supervision coordination, protect consumers and investors, pay attention to international cooperation on supervision, etc, are all main content of reforms. Reform on recover regulatory lacunae In terms of institutions, all important systemic institutions will be brought into supervision. The financial crisis snagged the main defects of financial supervision system is systematic financial risks, outside financial derivatives, private equity funds and rating agencies out of regulation. Therefore, the key of financial reform bills is at this point. The United States, the European Union and the British reforms have expanded the scope and objects of supervision, brought all products which possible have systemic risks such as hedge funds, private equity fund, the fund of real estate and investment Banks into regu latory framework of financial stability, executed registration system to hedge funds and private equity fund, and required increasing openness and transparency of credit rating agencies. All reform bills offered fully free space to development of financial system on the basis of perfect financial supervision system. That is because under the atmosphere of financial globalization, there is increasingly fierce competition between national and regional financial markets. For a country or a region, if the financial system has been restricted, this will only drive its financial resources to areas where have more lax restrictions, thus impinge on financial competitiveness of this country or region. Reform on supervision coordination mechanism All planes strengthened supervision coordination through the establishment of institutionalized entities. In the financial crisis, whether the U.S, European Union which executed supervised respectively or Britain which implemented supervised , fail to survive. Therefore, the reform plans dont make evaluation and regulation for supervised and supervised respectively, but focus on establish coordination mechanism. At the EU-level, the three existing Committees of Supervisors would be replaced by three new European Supervisory Authorities, which will take on all the missions of the current Committees of Supervisors, but in addition have increased responsibilities, defined legal powers and greater authority. The United States proposed to set up Financial Services Oversight Council (FSOC) which is directed by the Treasury, filling the regulatory lacunae, coordinating dispute in policy implementation, determining the potential risks in financial institutions and marketing activities. The Britain decided to establish Financial Stability Committee (FSC), which is responsible in coordination for the financial risks and stability monitoring. Regulation on the systemic risk U.S trying to empower the Federal Reserve to mon itor the larger, deeper relevance to commercial banks, investment banking-based financial holding companies, large insurance companies and all possible enterprises which possible threat to financial stability. Britain plans to set up FSC in the Bank of England while the EU established the European Systemic Risk Council (ESRC) as the macro-regulatory to control systemic risk. However, although the reform has emphasized the supervision of systemic risk, but whether the corresponding reform measures could achieve results is questionable. Crisis handling on regulatory authorities In this crisis, the countrys assistance for problem financial institutions were very inadequate, first because of misjudgment of the crisis process and seriousness, the second is due to the absence of effective crisis management mechanism in financial regulatory authorities. To address the above problems, an important part of the reform programs is to clear the authority and procedures of regulatory autho rities in the crisis management. For example, the United States proposed to establish problem-solving mechanism of bank holding companies and non-bank financial institutions which were verge of bankruptcy, allow holding company to make an orderly bankruptcy resolution which may threaten the safety of the entire financial system if any of its bankruptcy, in order to avoid the disorderly liquidation and the government in the dilemma between rescue and financial collapse. Unlike the U.S, the UK has not developed a special bank insolvency law. To more effectively deal with failing banks, Banking Act 2009 established a comprehensive set of bank insolvency procedures and special handling mechanism. In this regard, the EU has done a great aspect of change. Protecting investor and consumers interests Investor and consumer protection is a major aspect which is promoted to improve by national reform. United States, has set up an independent consumer financial protection agencies, the United Kingdom also devotes a chapter to discuss support measures to protect consumers in the White Paper Reforming the financial market. The EU has also focused on financial regulatory reform program to strengthen consumer protection. An important issue exposed in the financial crisis is that complex owing to the modern financial products has made it is often difficult for microcosmic subject in market to understand its characteristics correctly and make the right assessment of the financial risk inside, thus cannot make judgments based on trading decisions, or even fall into the trap of fraud. Therefore, to protect investors and consumers right to know and the right to claim is in the common elements of the reform programs. Reform on salary system Too much emphasis on short-term performance and excessive risk preference of the incentive-restrictive mechanism is one of the causes of the crisis, compensation system becomes the common concern in the UK and the U.S reform pr ograms. In Reform program proposed by the U.S, regulatory agencies will publish standards and guidelines to make the financial company executive compensation and shareholders long-term value more harmonious, at the same time, to prevent possible hazards in the salary system which may harm by regulators safety and stabilization. In addition, gives shareholders the right to a nonbinding proxy vote on corporate pay packages, and calls for greater independence of the Remuneration Committee. Britain has announced the Pay Code of Practice, the FSA is reviewing its use and reflect in the financial business case. The FSA will analysis the existing factors in compensation mechanism which may have threat to financial stability, report annually to the Ministry of Finance, the pay practices of financial firms and their impact on financial stability, and put forward plans on salary system reform. Promoting international coordination and cooperation in financial supervision Among the various financial regulatory reform programs are put forward the necessary of strengthen coordination and cooperation of international financial regulation. In the process of financial globalization, the internationalization of financial activities and financial supervision localization constitute a basic contradiction, the occurrence and spread of this financial crisis is the response of this contradiction. In this case, no single country is capable of preventing and handling the crisis alone, so the countrys financial supervisory coordination and cooperation has become inevitable. The United States, for example, the specific measures in improving the international regulatory standards and promoting international cooperation achieve as many as 11. The British Reforming the Financial Market White Paper also proposed to strengthen construction of international financial regulatory framework with the core of Financial Stability Committee, identify and guard against potential financial risks around the world more effectively. In the EUs reform program, the international coordination of financial supervision is most important. Differentiations At the same time, because financial development is very different in the United States and Europe, the reform programs were significantly different emphases. The United States is committed to institutional settings. United States, as the birthplace of the crisis, its reform program has a major adjustment for the current financial regulatory system. Including locate super regulator of the Federal Reserve, establish Financial Service Regulatory Committee, bring hedge funds, private equity funds, venture capital funds and so on into the regulatory system, strengthen the OTC financial derivative products trading supervision. However, the reform program of the U.S retains the basic double bull pattern. Britain attempts to repair the reforms. In contrast, the UK reform is weak, not have big adjustment on the Tripartite Authorities financial regulatory model. The reform in the following three aspects: First, to increase the power of the UKs Financial Services Authority rules for monitoring; second is to establish the Financial Stability Committee; thirdly, greater emphasis reform on governance structure of financial sectors. We should say that U.S and British programs are re-defining on the countrys financial regulatory framework, regulatory elements and objects in varying degrees, emphasizing the establishment of two new regulatory bodies: one is a systematic risk management function of the body; another body is coordination regulation. Because of the particularity of the EU, the proposed pan-European financial supervision and the overall reform program may be restricted by the European Union Basic Law and member states law and sovereignty, so the EU program focuses on the strengthening supervision of credit rating agencies, international financial institutions and investment funds. IV Rele vance to China Situation of Chinas financial regulation On December 1st, 1948, the Peoples Bank of China (PBC) was established and began to exercise the functions of financial supervision. But Chinas real financial regulation began from 1984, when PBC began to exercise the functions as the central bank. Chinas financial regulators adopted a separate operation, separate supervision system, the functions of monetary control exercised by the Peoples Bank, the Banking Regulatory Commission, Securities Regulatory Commission, Insurance Regulatory Commission work together to exercise institutions regulatory functions. Insurance Regulatory Commission Insurance Industry Securities Regulatory Commission Securities Industry Central Bank General banking supervision The regulatory agencies not only response divisionally but also cooperate closely to compose a national financial supervision organization system. The biggest advantage for regulatory system which matche s decentralized management model is helpful to improve the level of supervision as well as institutional control efficiency, with advantages of highly specialized and careful division. But this kind of system (separate operation, separate supervision) is no longer suited to the realities of the international financial globalization. In nowadays, since an increasingly globalized financial markets and complex financial innovations, the boundaries between traditional and financial markets have weakened, cross-market financial products become increasingly common, cross-sectors coordination and cooperation of supervision is increasingly important. Chinas cross-shareholdings among financial institutions; securities companies, fund management companies to enter the interbank market; deposit insurance, stock mortgage business and other business development; big push of commercial bank intermediary business, all show Mixed trend in China has become increasingly apparent. In 2007, China be gan to steadily advance an integrated operation in the financial industry, carried out a comprehensive financial service innovation pilot in Hunan Province. In September in the same year, the Chinese inter-bank market dealers Association was formed, it will manage the inter-bank market discipline, while maintaining the normal inter-bank market competition in order to promote the healthy development of the market. Since 2007, the PBC continued to improve and stabilize level of monitoring the financial risk and assessment, steady progress in construction of financial supervision and coordination mechanisms. After the financial crisis, Bank of China set up an emergency working group of international financial crisis in time, to closely monitor the development trend of the crisis and domestic financial risks that may occur, and actively develop response plans, timely disposal of unexpected risk. In 2009, the PBC strengthened the international exchange and cooperation of financial sta bility, and actively participate in international financial regulatory reform, not only actively participate in researching and formulating international banking supervision rules, but also in the same year in June, joined the Financial Stability Council (FSC), in August, officially launched the Chinese Financial Sector Assessment Program (FSAP) work. Imperfection of Chinas financial regulatory system Compared with Western countries, Chinas financial supervision is still very short time. Chinas current system of separate supervision model has had great results, but the regulatory system has also exposed many shortcomings. Imperfect of the legal system of financial supervision First, the existing legal system of financial supervision is not complete, systematic is not strong. Chinas current legal system of financial supervision primarily composed by the Peoples Bank Law, Commercial Bank Law, Insurance Law, Securities Law, Banking Regulatory Law, Foreign Financial Institut ion Regulations and other laws ,regulations and departmental rules. On one hand, in the existing legal system, lack of legal mechanism design of emergency treatment for the financial crisis, the deposit insurance system is a blank area of legal regulation. On the other hand, in a number of normative legal documents which form the existing legal system of financial supervision, proportion of departmental rules is too large, meanwhile lack of authority to implement. At the same time, the convergence between the regulatory legal documents is not strong, even exists the phenomenon of duplication or conflict among some documents. These are bound to affect enhancement of the efficiency of financial supervision and financial regulation acts credibility. Second, the legal regulatory mechanism is not perfect; operability of legal norms is not strong. In Chinas existing legal system of financial supervision, market access, market inspectors, market exit, prudence demands have been covered so basically, but most are simple principle provisions, lack of relevant implementation details and practical is not strong, but also simplify the regulatory content, lags behind the status of the financial industry. With continuous advance of financial innovation, China still lack of corresponding legal regulation of some new financial services and products, market exit in the financial institutions also lack of legal norms. The lack of legal design for emergency legal mechanisms of the financial crisis, the legal regulation of credit institutions, the financial markets with industry self-regulatory mechanism, highlights imperfect of Chinas financial laws and regulatory mechanisms. Unestablished coordination mechanism of financial supervision On June 28th, 2004, China Banking Regulatory Commission, Securities Regulatory Commission, China Insurance Regulatory Commission officially announced the Memorandum of financial regulatory cooperation and division for three financial reg ulatory bodies. Since then, the Joint regulatory Conference Mechanism has become a major regulatory coordination mechanism; One Bank and Three Commissions may carry out communication and consultation according to the needs of their duties. But such communication and consultation are equal voluntary, without any binding force, resulting in the effect of a weak joint. In the case of current Chinese coordination mechanisms of financial regulators has not yet fully effective established, financial regulators need to strengthen synergies, coexistence of separate industry monitoring and multi supervise often lead to financial regulation vacuum and is difficult to avoid repetition, in particular in the Financial Mixed environment. Meanwhile, the machinery of separation of supervision and long supervision has a certain degree of control role for Chinese financial industrys Mixed and the international operation of financial market, not only easy to build up homogeneous risk, and is not co nducive to encourage financial innovation, stimulate power and demand for financial innovation. At the same time, when functional loss the guardian of property rights in the financial sector, domestic financial institutions self-regulatory role is relatively weak, self-discipline, self-development and self-risk internal control mechanism is difficult to create. The risk regulatory requirements of financial regulatory authorities havent transferred into risk management needs for financial institution themselves, so that financial regulators take too much responsibility, enhanced financial supervision costs, reduced the efficiency of financial supervision. Regulators quality need to be improved The overall quality of financial supervision team determines the effect of monitoring. When some professionals in the financial industry with not high moral quality, Chinas financial sector has also very serious shortage of talent. Currently to see the quality of Chinas monitoring team , the lack of expertise, knowledge narrow, lack of comprehensive analytical skills are common problems. This effect strength and depth of monitoring in varying degrees, while make it more difficult to carry out the coordination between departments. One reason is that financial practitioners follow-up education and training have fallen behind, and secondly, lack of accreditation. Third, China has a huge loss of excellent staff. Social regulatory environment need to be ameliorated The current financial operations have penetrated into all aspects of social and economic life. In China, there are many problems in strengthening the social environment of financial regulation; regulatory coverage and the efficiency of supervision have been restricted. Chinas accounting firm and the audit firms professional skills rarely up to the requirement of supervision, there are serious deficiencies in the system, and social control seriously lags behind. The general public has not strong financi al awareness; credit rating agencies have no authorities at all; information disclosure system still in its infancy; depositors only concerned about level of interest rates, do not ask good or bad of financial institutions credit; financial institutions interested in short-term speculative interests, even malicious management, all of these greatly increased the risk of financial institutions and the overall risk of Chinas financial system. Learn from major countries experience of financial supervision reform, improve Chinas financial regulatory system In the post-crisis era, when develop a market economy with Chinese characteristics, we cannot blindly copy other countries financial regulatory reform model, but should be combined with Chinas actual situation, improve the regulatory model to approach in line with Chinas national conditions. Attention to financial stability, strengthen the macro-prudential supervision The financial crisis is outbreak of total cumulative pro blems over the past years, which are cumulated in the process of rapid development of financial market and financial innovation, re-awakened the regulatory authorities to prevent systemic risk, to maintain overall financial stability. From long-term development of Chinas financial industry, on one hand, we need to closely follow up the research on macro-prudential supervision of the latest, on the other hand, should actively organize to research and establish macro-prudential regulatory system which conforms to our countrys market environment. First, should establish a clear framework for macro-prudential decision-making. Prudent macroeconomic policies should not only based on self-regulatory requirements, but also need a stable and corresponding laws and regulations based structure. Therefore, China should establish legal system to appropriate macro-prudential supervision, in order to monitor have legal support. At the same time, via abolish, modify, supplement and develop and o ther means, in a timely manner to complete and reconstruct the existing financial regulatory laws, rules and regulations. In addition, to ensure the quality of supervision, the regulators should develop regulatory objectives more clearly. Although many related indicators and guidelines yet mature in researching, for the time being difficult to quantify, but in the short term could consider the first use of qualitative and directional goals. Second, establish information sharing mechanism between Peoples Bank and financial supervision agencies. In 2009, for the effective prevention of systemic financial risks, and bring prudent management of macroeconomic into the countrys macro control and financial stability policy tools, the PBC has taken a series of measures. However, in practice, Macro-prudential regulation not only need micro-prudential data but also need more other data as the legal basis. Only macro-control departments fully coordinate and communicate with other agencies a nd departments, data and information sharing and utilization can be ensured. Thus, similar with other information-sharing mechanism of financial supervision, a shared database for appropriate macro-prudential supervision should be established. By transforming the existing structure of financial statistical database and statistical network, set up a financial information system which is unified, independent, automatic generation of statistical indicators and financial supervision indicators, to form a unified, centralized and efficient financial information sources, to achieve sharing of information resources. At the same time, to establish information sharing responsibility restraint system. Mainly definitude information sharing principles, standards, content and shall bear legal responsibility between PBC and financial supervisory authorities with regulations, to protect the quality of macro-prudential information sharing. Improve financial supervision and coordination mechanism , actively promoting full control, enhance awareness of regulatory costs The professional division of labor in financial regulatory system will inevitably bring the appropriate coordination problem. Proceeding from the reality in China, government may consider following the model of the U.S Federal Financial Institutions Examinations Council (FFIEC), to build a permanent financial coordination committee to coordinate the Peoples Bank, the Securities Regulatory Commission and China Insurance Regulatory Commissions work, and integrate these regulatory agencies, re-deployment of resources. Monitoring philosophy of Comprehensive coverage is the general trend of development of financial regulation. One of the main goals of U.S financial regulatory reform program is to eliminate vacuum and blind spots of regulation, to achieve the monitoring philosophy of full coverage. Chinas financial market development is the result of administrative decentralization, namely, the formation of fin ancial markets, the emergence of financial products and services, the establishment and operation of financial institutions are in the control range of regulatory bodies. Therefore, we can say that Chinas financial regulatory system has been adhering to a concept of comprehensive coverage, and has achieved good results in maintaining financial market stability, Chinas doesnt sound financial system has withstood the test in the Asian financial crisis and the financial crisis. Therefore, we must not only continue to uphold the regulatory concept of full coverage, also should put into practice in order to effectively guarantee the implementation and commitment of this idea. Construct Chinas financial regulatory system, the level of supervision needs to be emphasized, according to the needs of financial development and the risk levels of financial markets, institutions and products, control measures must be taken by different intensity, to improve multi-level, multi-mechanism, compre hensive regulatory system. In addition, we must strengthen the cost consciousness of financial supervision. Not only take into account the increasing direct cost of new regulatory agencies and the necessary costs of take measures of financial regulation, should also consider that these measures may lead to market losses, which is an opportunity cost when government regulators replace market regulation. (C) Improve supervision of financial innovation The outbreak of the financial crisis shows that financial innovation has its own flaws, if the regulatory system cannot keep up the pace of financial innovation, are prone to financial risks. But in China, the financial derivatives market and the whole financial market are underdeveloped; Chinas financial regulators restrict right on financial innovation too hard. Although avoid a similar high-risk in U.S financial markets, but also seriously constrained the ability of financial market innovation and hinder its further developme nt. This phenomenon causes inadequate supply of financial products and services, which cannot meet the needs of real economy and financial consumers and investors. At the same time, in the context of financial globalization, over the control is easy to undermine competitiveness and attractiveness of the financial system in homeland, leading to an outflow of financial resources. Reform and innovation in Chinas financial supervision is just the beginning of the stage, to meet the needs of the establishment of an open economy, to ensure the security and stability of financial markets, implement a full range of monitoring has become a priority. Combine the specific situation in our country, absorb and learn experiences and lessons from foreign financial regulatory reforms, at the same time, speed up the pace of financial innovation under the premise of risk control. Meanwhile, strictly regulate on the financial derivatives market, implement information disclosure, and maintain the tr ansparency of financial innovations, in order to promote financial innovation and the coordinated development of financial supervision. As raise the capital adequacy ratio, effective control non-rational expansion of innovation product scale, increasing the transparency of financial innovation, fully revealing the structure and risk of derivatives, protecting interests of investors, maintaining the market correctly. (D)One gold of supervision is protect consumers Consumers growing purchasing power of financial products and sustained, diversified financial consumer demands is the inexhaustible motive force to promote the financial volume expansion and optimization of financial structure. Comprehensive consumer protecting measures are a common feature of well-developed financial system, and an important factor which constitutes the international competitiveness of financial system. If the financial supervision only concern the interests demand of financial institutions at the expense of the effective protecting of consumer interests, would dampen consumer enthusiasm which will cause financial sector development loss the extensive public basis and social support. In Chinas financial transactions, the improper financial behavior of damaging consumers interests is not uncommon. False propaganda in marketing process of insurance products and various financial planning products is a very typical example. So, to make China do something in the international financial markets competition, we must exercise strict supervision on consumer financial products and services market, to promote these products transparent, fail, reasonable and make consumers get adequate information of financial products and services. Also, should promptly investigate all kinds of illegal activities which damage the financial interests of consumers, so that maximize protection of the interests of financial consumers. (E) Improve professional quality of financial regulators; create a s ocial environment for financial supervision With the acceleration of financial globalization, the role of financial regulators even more obvious, but at present a problem in China is the quality of monitoring is not so high. To establish a high-quality monitoring team rapidly and improve the financial regulatory system is equally important. First of all, change the regulatory philosophy, speed up the formation of ideas of risk monitoring location. Secondly, improve the training system, adopt various forms like be taken abroad to study in regulatory agencies, operate in regulated institutions and systematic training, in order to comprehensive improve all aspects of regulators thus as modern international financial knowledge, law, computer and network technology, foreign language and professional skills. Third, we must increase the training dynamics of basic supervision team, and attention to the role of grassroots monitoring team. Finally, should establish a scientific employing m echanism and evaluation mechanism. To improve the efficiency and quality of financial supervision, strengthen financial institutions transparency of fund application, financial management, business development and credit rating, etc, we should strengthen social supervision of financial institutions. Create a social environment of financial supervision, we should focus on strengthen the financial awareness and market rule education of members in market, improve the social credit system, standardize information disclosure mechanism, increase market hardware management; regulate and bound agency behavior of financial intermediaries, gradually establish and improve accounting system and credit rating system, express its financial supervisory role; strengthen national financial statistics, financial audit and disciplinary inspection and supervision functions of financial institutions, innovate supervisory mechanism, implement financial regulation fairly and efficiently to ensure finan cial security. At the same time, also through the power of the media, by strengthening publicity of financial regulatory knowledge and risk prevention awareness, to form a smooth and effective social control. (F) Strengthen international cooperation in financial supervision Financial globalization is also the globalization of financial risks, continued volatility in international financial markets will affect peoples expectations of domestic financial market, increasing the risk of domestic financial market. Chinas financial institutions and regulators should be careful to prevent international financial risks, strengthen supervision of cross-border capital flows, and propel financial liberalization in steady and orderly manner. In order to prevent and resolve international financial risks, we need to strengthen international cooperation in financial supervision. At present, China has joined the International Monetary Fund (IMF), World Bank, International Securities Commiss ion and other international financial organizations, and signed a financial memorandum of understanding with many countries and regions, has laid a good foundation to strengthen international cooperation in financial supervision. We should make better use of financial supervision and cooperation mechanisms, gain information to understand the policies or even requirements and joint active with certain specific targets. In addition, from the occurrence of the financial crisis, the crisis is not limited to a corner, but often a whole. When a financial group is affected, below the various branches and subsidiaries cannot possess. Thus, need to strengthen cross-border coordination and supervision, not only to regulate of the financial branch or subsidiaries of multinational corporations in China, but also through international cooperation in monitoring the companys parent company or group as whole. V Conclusion Donââ¬â¢t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Comparison Study Of Financial Supervision Finance Essay" essay for you Create order Wesley Yanghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01059482297084962090noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-21390346491982338.post-70887801752743933382019-12-22T20:02:00.001-08:002019-12-22T20:02:02.847-08:00Essay on Effects of Binge Drinking on College Academics Alcohol use among college students has always been a popular subject among teachers, parents, researchers, and even students. The actual act of drinking alcohol is not necessarily the problem, whether legal or not. The main problem is the act of binge drinking of college students, of age or not. Drinking modest amounts of alcohol may have some consequences, but binge drinking has more negative consequences than normal modest drinking. There are many examples as to the consequences that binge drinking can cause to college studentââ¬â¢s lives, but one of the main consequences that students face as a result of frequent drinking is poor academic final grades. Binge drinking in college has been said to directly affect the GPA of collegeâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦The results of this study proved that a majority of the students ended up having a ââ¬Å"Câ⬠average with 35.8%, and more students came out with an ââ¬Å"Fâ⬠average versus an ââ¬Å"Aâ⬠average. (Thombs et al., 2009) This information just brings to light how important it is to succeed in college, and how students should be trained at a young age how to prevent falling behind in college in order to succeed in school, and in life. One intervention study done by Pennsylvania State University (2010) with parents and high school students was to see the effects of student drinking in college if parents were involved in the decision making early on in high school. This study proved to show that students that took part in the study were less likely to find drinking in college interesting. These sorts of programs can lead to greater academic success in college stude nts. In another study done by Stephen Porter and John Pryor (2007), they related the number of drinks per week to time management and grades by separating the groups into gender and school type. Women typically seemed to spend less time drinking, especially at all womenââ¬â¢s schools or research universities, than men at any kind of university. For the students who did seem to engage in heavier drinking, the smaller amountShow MoreRelatedA Study of College Drinking Essay examples1497 Words à |à 6 PagesLiterature The literature on college binge drinking and studentââ¬â¢s academic performance are for the most part; focused on an essential constituent or characteristic that has been revealed. During the past ten months, research has become an essential basis in regards to college binge drinking and the effects said behavior is having on those college students who choose to over-indulge. Given the situation over the literature pertaining to college binge drinking and poor academic grades, it is importantRead MoreBinge Drinking On College Campuses1459 Words à |à 6 PagesMr. Paul October 28, 2014 Binge Drinking On College Campuses Over the past few years, there has been this big debate about whether the drinking age should be lowered to 18 or if it should stay at 21. Those in favor of lowering the drinking age to 18 argue that someone who is old enough to serve their country should be allowed to have a drink. Those who are in favor of keeping the minimum legal drinking age at 21 because of consequences regarding psychological developmentRead MoreTo Lower or Not to Lower the Legal Drinking Age to 18, That Is the Question881 Words à |à 4 Pagesadults attend college with the hope of expanding their career opportunities, but are these young adults doing more than studying and homework? A new study suggests that binge drinking is on the rise among college students (Eisenberg n.p.). With an increase of alcohol consumption by underage drinkers, it only seems logical to lower the drinking age to prevent binge drinking, however there are far more consequences to be seen. Lowering the drinking age to 18 will not so lve the binge drinking problem amongRead MoreBinge Drinking On College Campuses1536 Words à |à 7 PagesDr. Yacob Ali 30 November 2015 Binge Drinking on College Campuses Approximately four out of five college students drink alcohol (niaaa.nih.gov). Although alcohol does not have immediate negative effects, over consumption can lead to serious consequences. For example, 1,825 college students between the ages of 18 and 24 die each year from alcohol-related unintentional injuries (niaaa.nih.gov).Most alcohol-related injuries and accident are a result of binge drinking. The National Institute on AlcoholRead MoreAlcohol Issues on College Campuses1181 Words à |à 5 PagesAlcohol Issues on College Campuses ââ¬Å"Binge Drinking on College Campuses.â⬠Center for Science in the Public for Science, Center for Science in the Public Interest. Web. 21Mar. 2012. The Center for Science in the Public Interest (CSPI) discusses that students enrolled in college are more likely to consume alcohol than their peers than do not attend college. They report that 1700 college students die yearly due to alcohol. The increasing number of college students drinking has resulted in higher incidencesRead MoreEssay on Informative Speech631 Words à |à 3 Pagescategories: (1) Content (2) Organization (3) Sources (4) Achievement of specific purpose (5) Symbolization SPS: To inform my audience about binge drinking on college campuses. CIS: Binge drinking is a significant problem on college campuses, there are alarming statistics about the prevalence of binge drinking, and how binge drinking affects the lives of other students. Org Pattern: Topical Introduction I. Have you ever been to a party and drank too much? How much is too much? Read MoreThe s Perspective On Alcohol Abuse957 Words à |à 4 Pageshis persuasiveness to be imprecise with no correlation between binge drinking and loneliness. For instance, his claims are supported based on personal experiences and personal observations such as students having difficulty making a new group of friends, being desperate to belong and creating an academic background. Unlike Weschler, Bruffee does not use scientific studies, real examples and realistic solutions to adequately connect binge drinkers and introverts; therefore, Bruffee is less successfulRead MoreThe Effects Of Alcohol On College Students Essay1312 Words à |à 6 Pages(Fuertes Hoffman, 2016). Amongst all who consume alcohol, college students ages 18 to 24, have proven to consume more alcohol than any other age or group (Koyama Belli, 2011). Ruberman (2014) explained that college students between the ages of 18 to 24 are exper iencing a time in life when mental illness levels are high. College students are also enduring higher levels of stress than normal that stem from social pressures and new academic responsibilities (Bodenlos, Noonan, Wells, 2013). BeingRead MoreThe Effects Of Alcohol Abuse And Binge Drinking1523 Words à |à 7 Pages College students will always encounter some type of ââ¬Å"problemâ⬠during their college experience. A problem can be something simple such as a lack of adequate parking or more complex such as sexual harassment. ââ¬Å"A new report from Student Monitor asked college students to identify the biggest problems on campus, and their top three answers were cost of education, stress, and alcohol abuse,â⬠(Jacobs, 2014, p.1). College students will be affected by a number of problems during their college career. AsRead MoreOne More Drink For The Good Times925 Words à |à 4 Pageslittle drinking this weekend!!â⬠That statement is one heard among the college community nationwide nowadays. Binge drinking with others to gain new friendships, meet people, among other reasons, on college campuses is the thought process countless students believe today. ââ¬Å"The Harvard School of Public Health found in 1993 that binge drinking is widespread on American campuses, particularly amo ng members of fraternities and sororities (Bruffee, 1999).â⬠If college students think binge drinking and partying Wesley Yanghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01059482297084962090noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-21390346491982338.post-3188377764324297202019-12-14T16:31:00.001-08:002019-12-14T16:31:04.034-08:00Personal Problems Free Essays Personal Problems George Orwellââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"Shooting an Elephantâ⬠is a simple essay with a strong message. Throughout the piece, the narrator faces the same conflict day after day and was ââ¬Å"hated by large numbers of peopleâ⬠(Orwell 377). This level of hatred causes the narrator to make a decision against his beliefs and in favor of the imperialistic society. We will write a custom essay sample on Personal Problems or any similar topic only for you Order Now This decision is not based on the right thing to do, but to simply fit in. Orwell uses his perplexed narrator, a simple plot, and detailed setting to explain how individuals choose self-image over self-satisfaction. Orwell speaks in first person as a participant taking on the role of a European police officer in an anti-British colony, and is the perplexed individual caught amongst the action. The officer faces unforgiving natives who often meet him with ââ¬Å"sneering yellow faces â⬠¦ [and with] insults hooted after meâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ (Orwell 378). Yet in irony, those same citizens expect protection from a raging elephant on the loose causing an internal barrier. The officer explains, ââ¬Å"They did not like me, but with the magical rifle in my hands I was momentarily worth watchingâ⬠(Orwell 380). It was at that moment when he realizes he is just ââ¬Å"an absurd puppetâ⬠and is being used by the natives for whatever purpose they need. The plot in the essay is simple, straight forward, and follows the basic plot elements: the who, what, where, and why. In the first sentence, Orwell presents the narrator as the main character and the roles of the supporting characters. He describes the officer as an outcast, often targeted by the natives for amusement. Orwell wastes no time with deep rising actions, but quickly reaches the climax, exposing the internal conflict. The officer exclaims, ââ¬Å"but even then I was not thinking particularly of my own skin, only of the watchful yellow faces behind,â⬠and continues to describe how he was more afraid of looking like a fool in front of the natives than of the tyrant elephant (Orwell 381). Orwell keeps simplicity throughout his essay yet supplies great details; allowing the reader to feel the emotion and atmosphere of the setting. He uses plain language and few words to describe the cultural setting that is shaped from religious and political views. The officer often mentions the British rule and how the Buddhists and natives of the land were the worst (Orwell 379). The cultural differences between the British rule and natives were far from the same. Not only did this contribute to the internal conflicts of the officer, but to external conflicts of other British people in the colony. Orwell supports his theme of self-image over individual morals by using all the elements of literacy. The narratorââ¬â¢s conflict within himself was brought upon through his own actions and thoughts. As an officer he had a right to carry out the laws of the land, but would rather go against his beliefs to avoid ridicule wanting to fit in and not be laughed at. Nonetheless, even after he did what he thought the natives wanted, the officer still faces the same issues of internal conflict. He was trying to justify what was done to make him feel better, yet continues to have a guilty conscience. The officer even admits he ââ¬Å"had done it solely to avoid looking a foolâ⬠(Orwell 382). In conclusion, Orwell presents a humble approach to a common problem of today. Although doing the moral thing is correct, most humans do what they feel is expected because someoneââ¬â¢s eyes are always watching. Orwell cuts right to the point and wastes no time on useless material. The complicated character jumps out in the beginning and forecasts a simple plot. By using details about the location, Orwell supports his plot and places the essay in the middle of Southeast Asia. The location is important and better explains the relationship between authority figures and the religious differences. However, the choice is in the main characterââ¬â¢s hands and instead of sticking to his beliefs, he would rather be a follower than forever a fool. How to cite Personal Problems, Papers Wesley Yanghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01059482297084962090noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-21390346491982338.post-44340435969289049952019-12-06T12:54:00.001-08:002019-12-06T12:54:04.892-08:00Established In 1904 as a Tobacco Company â⬠Myassignmenthelp.Com Question: Discuss About the Established In 1904 as a Tobacco Company? Answer: Introduction Coca-Cola Amatil (CCA) was initially started as a local manufacturer for beverages and foods and then expanded their business around six countries and is also creating possibilities for more than 100 years. Initially, they started their business as British Tobacco Company Limited during 1904 and soon started diversifying their business through purchase of printing company and moved to Australian beverages and food industry during 1963. Moreover, to focus on the snack foods and beverages, they set aside their interests for tobacco. Finally, Coca-Cola became the major stakeholders for the company and they named as Coca-Cola Amatil. Their mission is to delight their customers with exceptional brands portfolio and are always try to generate value for their partners through driving the productivity with minimization if cost. Further, they make a positive and distinctive contribution to the area in which they operate. Their well-known values are that they are open and straight forward, focus on tomorrow and today and take initiatives for the innovations. As per the company, their vision is the main factor that unites them and increases their energy level to do the best of what they perform. Their vision reflects their business scale and the people with whom they are connected create an emotional attachment with the company (Coca-Cola Amatil | Home, 2017). Product Mix CCA distributes and manufactures various alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages and various food products all around Australia. Various products they are dealing with are as follows: Non-alcoholic beverages Energy and sports: Powerade Isotonic and Mother Juices: Crusta fruit juices and Goulburn Valley fruit juices Still drinks: Nestea, Pumped, Mount Franklin, Peats Ridge Water, Pump, flavoured milk from Goulburn Valley, vitamin water and Glaceau Carbonated soft drinks: Coke Zero, Coca-Cola, Diet coke with Vanila Flavour, Fanta, Appletiser, Kirks, Bisleri Chinotto, Sprite Zero, Lift and Sprite. Alcoholic beverages Scotch: Highland park, The famous Grouse, Tamdhu, The Machine and Laphroaig Bourbon: Old Crew, Bakers, Bookers, Jim Beam, Basil Haydens, Makers Mark Liqueurs: Harveys, Galliano, Cockburn, Bols, Courvoisier, Cognac and Sherry and Port Tequila: Sauza Food services Grinders coffee, Quirks Australia, packaged vegetable and food products from Goulburn valley and SPC Ardmona (Coca-Cola Amatil | Home, 2017). Production process The eastern creek distribution centre of Coca-Cola Amatil, which is situated at Sydney, employs 250 employees for their distribution centre. The facility has the capacity of producing 210 pallets out and 140 pallets in per hour. Pacific brewery has an annual capacity of 150 million litres that produces the premium beers. On the other hand, the bluetongue Brewery has the capacity of 50 million litres per year and can produce 1 million bottles per day for the beverages. Using these above facilities, CCA produces various products that are mentioned above under the product mix (Coca-Cola Amatil | Home, 2017). There production process involves the following activities: Product and package changeovers Cleaning procedures of the equipments Preventive activities for maintenance (Kaplan Anderson, 2013). Ingredient batch making and processing Using the systems to report and record the production data accurately Monitoring the activity process, troubleshooting and follow-up the proper escalations (Kaplan Atkinson, 2015). Activity based costing in manufacturing firms Activity based costing (ABC) is one of the most widely used method of costing and it allocates the overhead cost for the indirect costs through using the activities. ABC is a crucial aspect for reliable and accurate cost information for producing the true cost and presenting the financial data (Frazier, 2014). Implementation process, changes and applications under the ABC system are represented as a guide for better understanding of the ABC in the manufacturing firms. In most of the cases, the organization is unaware about the creation and origin of the costs that are involved in the manufacturing processes of the company. Further, they are not even concerned regarding the formation of the costing strategies. If the employees are aware about the benefits of proper costing that can save lot of money and contribute to the sustainability of the company, they will for sure try out for the better costing system (Balakrishnan, Labro Soderstrom, 2014). With the growth of business, the business executives become more concerned regarding the operational costs and are pressurised for increasing the strategies and profits. ABC system is there for so many years. It is identified that the ABC system improves the consistency for the information related to costs, better representation for the organizational cost and assists in producing true cost. Various manufacturing organizations use the activity based costing for the costing of the product, analysis of customers profitability, profitability analysis of product line and pricing of the products and services. The ABC system is the leading method for costing for producing the most accurate and reliable costing information for the manufacturing organizations (Simons, 2013). Knowing the strategy for the ABC is the crucial factors for getting better understanding of the costing system. The company can create better corporate focus and better strategy if the costs can be understood in better way. ABC refines the system of costing through focussing on the fundamental objects of cost and individual activities. The term activity is described as the unit, task or event with a particular purpose, for instance, distribution of products, operation of machines, setting-up of machines and designing the products (Saunders Cornett, 2014). To be stated in more simple way, ABS system is systematic use the effect and cost methods for for allocating the activity costs to the products, customers, services or any other objects of cost. Further, the ABC system is regarded as a tool for accounting that established the breakthrough role in the wide segment of cost and it can be applied in manufacturing or retail sector from the large corporations to sole proprietorship. Many managers and the accountants thinks that the inventory cost methods give accurate figures for cost, however, in practice this is not the case. The actual cost for any particular product is management better through calculation of the other associated costs (Mitra, 2016). Most of the companies are required to have better idea regarding the general costing for assuring the unified approach to the operations. Some benefits of ABC systems are Improve the business procedures: under the ABC systems, the procedures of the business assigns the overheads of the manufacturing processes on the basis of the cost driver of the products or the factors that are used for the generation of cost. Cost are assigned per product and the outcome clearly shows that which business are performing well and which are not and which one need to be improved. ABC system can be used to recognize the activities that are non-value added and assists in better allocation of overheads. It also contributes to regular improvement of the business procedures (Govindan, K., Khodaverdi, R., Jafarian, A. (2013). Recognize the wastes: ABC system takes into account the costs in the same way in which the production is performed and allows the business to understand better that where the overhead costs are going. Further, the overall services and products quality can be improved as the data from the ABC give the details regarding the cost and production issues that are required to be solved (Estampe et al., 2013). Data accuracy: reports shown as per the ABC systems are more accurate as compared to the traditional method. Further, the data obtained from the ABC system can be used for minimization of cost as the management are in better position to identify the products where most overheads are associated (DRURY, 2013). An organization can target the efforts into the methodology of ABC that will recognize the categories of costing in better way. Further the non-value added services are recognized in better way. However, there are some complex procedures involved in the manufacturing process where the application of ABC systems required in-depth knowledge. It is expected that the system will become simpler with the implementation and will become easier to execute. Irrespective of the benefits, the software and the systems shall be proved as user-friendly before implementation of the ABC systems. The ABC and the other improvements considerably enhance the ability of an organization to set its focus and respond to the requirements. It further reduces the complexities and minimizes the money and time in association with other benefits from the ABC systems. Activity-based costing for Coca-Cola Amatil Various costs are involved in the implementation of ABC system in CCA. These are: Direct cost It includes the labour cost and material cost as shown below Hypothetical direct cost for Coca-Cola Amatil Particulars Product A Product B Product C Total Produced and sold units 5,00,000 3,50,000 6,50,000 15,00,000 Selling price per unit $ 12 $ 8 $ 15 Direct material cost per unit $ 4 $ 3 $ 6 Direct labour cost per unit $ 3 $ 2 $ 4 Revenue from sales $ 60,00,000 $ 28,00,000 $ 97,50,000 $ 185,50,000 Direct costs Direct material cost $ 20,00,000 $ 10,50,000 $ 39,00,000 $ 69,50,000 Direct labour cost per unit $ 15,00,000 $ 7,00,000 $ 26,00,000 $ 48,00,000 Total direct costs $ 35,00,000 $ 17,50,000 $ 65,00,000 $ 117,50,000 Manufacturing overhead cost Manufacturing overhead costs are as follows: Purchase orders on the basis of number of purchase orders: $ 1200 per unit of cost drivers Product packaging on the basis of number of packages packed: $ 0.50 per unit of cost drivers Machine set up based on number of set-ups: $1000 per unit of cost drivers Machine calibration and testing based on number of tests: $ 200 per unit of cost drivers Cleaning and maintenance based on number of batch runs: $ 800 per unit of cost drivers Manufacturing overhead activities It includes the machine set-up costs, packaging of products cost, machine calibration and testing costs, machine cleaning and maintenance cost and order costs for material purchase Finanacial. Estimation of costs for the manufacturing overhead activities Cost drivers Activities Activity pool Activity units Unit cost Product A Product B Product C Total Cost Purchase orders No. of Purchase order $ 1,200.00 50 35 65 $ 1,80,000 Product packaging No. of packages packed $ 0.50 500000 350000 650000 $ 7,50,000 Machine set-up No. of set-ups $ 1,000.00 100 70 130 $ 3,00,000 Machine calibration testing No. of tests $ 200.00 750 500 1000 $ 4,50,000 Cleaning and maintenance No. of batch runs $ 800.00 150 100 175 $ 3,40,000 Total cost $ 20,20,000 Assigning the cost of the manufacturing overheads Allocation under ABC Activity pool Product A Cost per unit Product B Cost per unit Product C Cost per unit Purchase orders $ 60,000 0.12 $ 42,000 0.12 $ 78,000 0.12 Product packaging $ 2,50,000 0.5 $ 1,75,000 0.5 $ 3,25,000 0.5 Machine set-up $ 1,00,000 0.2 $ 70,000 0.2 $ 1,30,000 0.2 Machine calibration testing $ 1,50,000 0.3 $ 1,00,000 0.29 $ 2,00,000 0.31 Cleaning and maintenance $ 1,20,000 0.24 $ 80,000 0.23 $ 1,40,000 0.22 Total $ 6,80,000 $ 1.36 $ 4,67,000 $ 1.33 $ 8,73,000 $ 1.34 Bill of activities for each product Particulars Product A Product B Product C Produced and sold units 5,00,000 3,50,000 6,50,000 Selling price per unit $ 12 $ 8 $ 15 Direct cost per unit $ 7 $ 5 $ 10 Indirect cost per unit $ 1.36 $ 1.33 $ 1.34 Total Cost per unit $ 8.36 $ 6.33 $ 11.34 Gross profit per unit $ 3.64 $ 1.67 $ 3.66 Gross profit margin 30% 21% 24% It can be seen from the above table that the gross profit margin for product A, Product B and Product C is 30%, 21% and 24% respectively. It is identified that product A is more profitable as compared to the other two products and product B is the least profitable as the selling price for product B is the least and the direct cost and indirect cost are also high and that led to gross profit of only $ 1.67 per unit, which is least among the three products. Recommendation and conclusion It has been included from the above discussion that the ABC system contrasts with the traditional methods of allocation of overheads that assign the overheads using the arbitrary percentage of allocation whereas, the ABC system allocates the overheads based on the cost driver of each product. The ABC system can be used to recognize the individual profitable and unprofitable products, to recognize the actual cost of the product, so that the pricing strategy can be established and to reveal the unnecessary costs that can be eliminated. However, the ABC system requires the in-depth knowledge regarding the resources and activities that are allocated to overheads. Therefore, the experts shall be well versed with the ABC system. Further, cost drivers and the activities must be recognized properly to allocate the overheads in appropriate manner. Moreover, if the overhead cost is less for the company them implementation of ABC will not be fruitful as the implementation of ABC requires huge c ost. Although the implementation of ABC is not easy and simple, using ABC to trace the activity costs assist in development of better forecasting, better planning and better strategies. However, the most significant part of ABC is that it enables to save lots of money. For any business, the bottom line is to maximize the wealth of the shareholders. Therefore, if an organization has clearer picture for the costs of each activity, it will be in a better position to earn higher profits References Balakrishnan, R., Labro, E., Soderstrom, N. S. (2014). Cost structure and sticky costs.Journal of management accounting research,26(2), 91-116. Coca-Cola Amatil | Home. (2017). Ccamatil.com. Retrieved 13 May 2017, from https://www.ccamatil.com/ DRURY, C. M. (2013).Management and cost accounting. Springer. Estampe, D., Lamouri, S., Paris, J. L., Brahim-Djelloul, S. (2013). A framework for analysing supply chain performance evaluation models.International Journal of Production Economics,142(2), 247-258. Frazier, W. E. (2014). Metal additive manufacturing: a review.Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance,23(6), 1917-1928. Govindan, K., Khodaverdi, R., Jafarian, A. (2013). A fuzzy multi criteria approach for measuring sustainability performance of a supplier based on triple bottom line approach.Journal of Cleaner Production,47, 345-354. Hunger, J. D., Wheelen, T. L. (2014).Essentials of strategic management. Pearson. Kaplan, R. S., Atkinson, A. A. (2015).Advanced management accounting. PHI Learning. Kaplan, R., Anderson, S. R. (2013).Time-driven activity-based costing: a simpler and more powerful path to higher profits. Harvard business press. Mitra, A. (2016).Fundamentals of quality control and improvement. John Wiley Sons. Saunders, A., Cornett, M. M. (2014).Financial institutions management. McGraw-Hill Education,. Simons, R. (2013).Performance Measurement and Control Systems for Implementing Strategy Text and Cases: Pearson New International Edition. Pearson Higher Ed. Wesley Yanghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01059482297084962090noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-21390346491982338.post-51937544776916855552019-11-29T03:07:00.001-08:002019-11-29T03:07:06.240-08:00LOreal Nederland B.V Poor brand image Lââ¬â¢ Oreal Group is faced with a challenge in the introduction of two products in Netherlands. The two products include Belle Couleur and Synergie. Lââ¬â¢Oreal Group sales have been on an upward trend as a result of the large size of market for cosmetic products. In France, its domestic market, the firm has witnessed a 10.2% growth in sales which is equivalent to 9.67 billion Euros (Mann 2010, 6).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Lââ¬â¢Oreal Nederland B.V specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In its quest to attain its profit maximization objective, the firmââ¬â¢s management team has made a decision to venture the Dutch market. Introduction of the new product was to be undertaken by Laboratories Garnier which was its major competitor. Despite Laboratories Garnier being recognized in France prior to its acquisition, very few Dutch customers knew of the firmââ¬â¢s products. This arises f rom the fact that Laboratories Garnier had not established a strong brand image in Netherlands. The low brand image in the market limits the probability of the two products succeeding. In its decision to expand its operations within Netherlands, Lââ¬â¢Oreal Group management team should conduct a comprehensive evaluation of the two products in order to determine the probability of success. The management team should undertake this by only introducing products with identifiable differential advantage in the market. Lââ¬â¢Oreal Group management team is faced with a challenge on how to ensure that the product penetrate the market. Key issue The key issue facing the firm is lack of awareness of Garnierââ¬â¢s products through which the firm intends to introduce its products. In addition, the two products are facing stiff competition from other established competitors. The firm is faced with a challenge of attracting customers to purchase the new product. This arises from the fact that customers in the Dutch market feel attached to their traditional brands which makes them reluctant to try new beauty products. Competitors in the Dutch skin care market have a well established customer loyalty. The loyalty resulted from the effective distribution strategy adopted.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Personalized service is one of the ways through which firms in the beauty industry can create customer loyalty. In addition, some of the players in the industry are multinational and regional companies which are widely recognized in the market. In comparison to these firms, Lââ¬â¢Oreal Group has a relatively low competitive advantage. According to Jones (2010, 359), the beauty industry is very competitive as a result of the high rate of innovation resulting from increased research and development. Lack of an effective market penetration and promotion strateg y poses a threat in the introduction of the two products. Evaluation If the firm does not formulate an effective market penetration strategy for its products, there is a high probability that the firm will perform poorly in terms of sales. The resultant effect is that its long term survival will be threatened. The Dutch market is feasible for the firm to introduce its products. One of the key factors which are enhancing the market feasibility is the demographic characteristics of the population. Aging is one of the factors which have contributed to an increment in the rate of consumption for anti-aging products (Patzer 2006, 47). A significant proportion of Dutch women are aging. There are projections that this trend will continue into the future. By 2020, it is estimated that the number of individuals aged 65 years and above of the total population will increase to 18% from its 2010 projection level of 14.9% (Schroots, Ballesteros and Rudinger1999, 83). Introduction of Synergie and Belle Couleur beauty products stands a high probability of success considering that they are anti-aging skin and hair products. This means that the two products are in line with the customer requirement. In addition, successful introduction of the two products in the Dutch market is paramount considering the shift in role amongst the female gender. Females are venturing in various careers leading into an increment in their disposable income. Increase in consumersââ¬â¢ disposable income results into an increment in consumer purchasing power (Lamb, Hair and McDaniel 2008, 365). Due to an upward shift in their disposable income, the Dutch women have increased their daily consumption for beauty products.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Lââ¬â¢Oreal Nederland B.V specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This represents a significant shift in consumers purchasing behavior considering the fact that the Dutch women used t o purchase beauty products such as facial creams two times a year on average. Whilst the market feasibility for Lââ¬â¢ Oreal Group in Netherlands is high, it is vital for the firmââ¬â¢s management team to consider the most effective way of introducing the two products in the market and also create market awareness effectively. Possible considerations Promotion plays an important role in the operation of a firm (Botha, Strydom and Brink 2005, 135). As a result, promotion strategy has been integrated as one of the key components of strategic marketing by firms in various economic sectors in their quest to attain their profit maximization objective. Through a well formulated promotional strategy, a firm is able to create awareness of its products and services to its prospective customers. Considering the reluctant nature of Dutch women to try new beauty products, developing an effective promotional strategy is paramount. This arises from the fact that increased awareness of the p roducts characteristics and benefits will play a significant role in creating customer confidence. There is a high probability of the products succeeding amongst the Dutch women considering the increment in demand for beauty products which have ââ¬Å"naturalâ⬠characteristics. Considering the fact that Laboratories Garnier does not have a well developed brand image in Netherlands, it is vital for Lââ¬â¢Oreal Group to consider developing a promotional strategy will enhance its product awareness. According to Strydom and Brink (2005, 135), product awareness is very important in the customersââ¬â¢ decision making process (Mills and Law 2005, 29). Product and service awareness plays a significant role in the consumers purchasing pattern. The more the consumers are aware of a product, the high the probability of them making a purchase. With regard to beauty products in Netherlands, their success in the market is directly related to their brand image. Therefore, if the brand i mage is low, there is a high probability that the product will not succeed. The fact that most Dutch women are not conversant with the product description of French beauty products underscores the importance of creating product awareness.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Apart from development of a product awareness strategy, it is also important for the firmââ¬â¢s management team to consider improving customer product loyalty. Customer loyalty will play a significant role in ensuring repeat purchase behavior of the customers. To create customer loyalty, it is vital for the firmââ¬â¢s management team to ensure that the research and development being undertaken results into development of beauty products which meet the market demand. Increment in the intensity of competitiveness within the retail environment presents a challenge to firms (Ranchhord and Maradi 2007, 77). This arises from the fact that competition leads into a reduction in customer switching cost (Egan and Thomas 1998, 68). Ranchhord and Maradi are of the opinion that customer loyalty is a fundamental issue in such a case. Considering the competitive nature of the beauty industry in Netherlands due to existence of other multinational companies such as Procter and Gamble Company, creation of customer loyalty is vital in the firmââ¬â¢s effort to position itself effectively in the market. The resultant effect is that the firm will be able to develop a high competitive advantage for it to survive in the market. Alternatives A number of alternatives could be considered to address the key issue: That Lââ¬â¢Oreal Group faces a challenge in introducing its two beauty products (Synergie and Belle Colourie) as a result of poor brand image of Garnier. Considering the market feasibility in Netherlands beauty industry, Lââ¬â¢Oreal Group should ensure that it capitalizes on the market opportunities presented and introduce the two products. In order to effectively penetrate the market, the firmââ¬â¢s management team should consider the following alternatives. The firm should not introduce the two products via Laboratories Garnier considering its low brand image in Netherlands. Alternatively, Lââ¬â¢Oreal Groupââ¬â¢s management team should consider outsou rcing the services of well established marketing agencies in Netherlands. This will increase the probability of the customers accepting the product. Evaluation Undertaking product introduction process by itself is a wise decision for the firm to consider in is effort to penetrate the new market niche. This is due to the fact that the firm will develop an upper-edge in understanding the market dynamics. On the other hand, distributing the products via intermediaries will also be of benefit to the firm. This is due to the fact that the local agents will be conversant with the market. A comprehensive criterion should be used in selecting the intermediary to carry a firmââ¬â¢s product in the foreign market. According to Perner (2008, 3) selection of the firm to carry a firms product in its introduction phase is a key determinant in the productââ¬â¢s success or failure. Perner asserts that if the product is not amongst the firmââ¬â¢s preferred products, chances of the product s ucceeding are limited. Recommendations To ensure that introduction of the two products is successful; Lââ¬â¢Oreal Groupââ¬â¢s management team should consider a number of issues. The firm should consider incorporating the concept of Integrated Marketing Communication (IMC) in an effort to create sustainable market awareness. Integrated marketing communication will ensure that there is effective and efficient creation of market awareness. This arises from the fact that both traditional and emerging market communication models are integrated (Kitchen and Pelsmacker 2004, 45). As a result, a considerable number of individual customers will be aware of the productââ¬â¢s market existence. Incorporation of IMC will ensure the customers access sufficient product information. Considering the fact that the product can be consumed by both the young and elderly consumers, integration of IMC will be effective in ensuring that the customers access the product information. Sufficient prod uct information will enable the firm to dispel any fears which the customers may have regarding its products. The resultant effect is that there will be increment in the customersââ¬â¢ level of confidence to enable them incorporate the new product in the process of making decisions regarding consumption of beauty products. In order to develop a repeat purchase behavior amongst the customers, Lââ¬â¢Oreal Group management team should consider implementing Customer Relationship Management (CRM) in its operation. This will ensure that that all its operations are focused at ensuring that the customers attain a high level of satisfaction. The effect is that the firm will be able to attain customer inertia. This means that the probability of customers switching to other products will be minimized. To ensure maximization of the benefits associated with the CRM strategy, Lââ¬â¢Oreal Group management team should consider implementing the CRM software. The software should be linked to the internet so as to enable it access customersââ¬â¢ feedback efficiently. CRM software will act as a link between the customers and the firmââ¬â¢s marketing team. This means that there is a high probability of marketing team understanding changes in customer product requirement. Depending on market feedback, it will be possible for the firm to conduct product innovations effectively to suite the customerââ¬â¢s requirements. Reference List Botha, Johan, Strydom, Johan and Brink, Annekie. 2005. Introduction to marketing. Chicago: Juta and Company Limited. Egan, Colin and Thomas, Michael. 1998. The CIM handbook of strategic marketing. New Jersey: Butterworth Heinemann. Jones, Geoffrey. 2010. Beauty imagined: A history of the global beauty industry. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Kitchen, Paul. and Pelsmacker, Peter. 2004. Integrated marketing communication: aà primer. London: Routledge. Lamb, Charles, Hair, Jones. and McDaniel, Collins. 2008. Essentials of marketing. Ne w York: Cengage Learning. Mann, Rebecca. 2010. The Lââ¬â¢Oreal Group reports solid first-half sales.à https://www.moodiedavittreport.com/the-loreal-group-reports-solid-first-half-sales/ . Mills, Juline and Law, Rob. 2005. Handbook of consumer behavior: tourism and theà internet. London: Routledge. Patzer, Gordon. 2006. The power and paradox of physical attractiveness. London: Universal-Publishers. Perners, Lars. 2010. Introduction to marketing. Los Angeles: University of South California. Ranchod, Ashk and Marandi, Ebi. 2007. CIM coursebook 07/08 strategic marketing inà practice. New Jersey: Butterworth-Heinemann. Schroots, James, Ballesteros, Francis and Rudinger, Gerrad. 1999. Aging in Europe. Oxford: IOS Press. This essay on Lââ¬â¢Oreal Nederland B.V was written and submitted by user Edward Sullivan to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here. Wesley Yanghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01059482297084962090noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-21390346491982338.post-90343889883951842042019-11-25T10:41:00.001-08:002019-11-25T10:41:06.152-08:00Microsoft strategic alliance with Nokia The WritePass JournalMicrosoft strategic alliance with Nokia Abstract Microsoft strategic alliance with Nokia , p39). This was the first major step that the new CEO took. The unexpected cooperation with the Microsoft Corporation elicited several debates regarding Nokia as well as about the general smartphones market (Schwarzinger, 2012, p.53). The IDC (International Data Corporation), which is a company for market analysis, and monitors the smartphones market, predicted that the Windows Phones would become the second largest provider of software for smartphones globally (Grant, R 2010, p. 31). The analysis and prediction is based on the strategic alliance between Nokia and Microsoft Corporation. Combined with the projected growth in the sales of smartphones and the predictions given by the ICD, then why is it that there was negative action by the financial market when he news of the two giant companies collaborating came out? This is one of the questions that many financial analysts have been asking themselves. This paper examines the strategic alliance between the two giant companies by eva luating their external and internal environments. It will also examine three different growth strategies and then select the most appropriate one. External Analysis The Five Forces Framework of Nokia The present competition that Nokia is facing in the phone industry has greatly affected its market share. However, it still holds a considerable share of the market in the industry that is ever changing. The microenvironment is the internal factors that affect the customers, staff, competitors and the shareholders (Henry, 2008, p.24). The five forces model is the most appropriate for the evaluation of the microenvironment of Nokia as it takes into consideration the clients, suppliers, competitors as well as the new entrants. The power of suppliers: moderate Although the company relies on its suppliers to provide equipment, there are numerous large manufacturers of equipment that they can turn to (Baron, 2008, p53). Currently, Microsoft is the supplier of software for the company and they have a high bargaining power together. In addition, the company is in a good position to bargain as well as negotiate with any mobile phone hardware producer because there are a large number of the suppliers of equipment, which are readily and easily accessible should their current suppliers attempt to ask for more money with them. Moreover, the alliance with the Microsoft Corporation is regarded as a coup for Nokia and not Microsoft. The Microsoft Corporation may have more power in the negotiation of price along with the share as the pact is of more significance to Nokia that the Microsoft Corporation. The power of buyers: high The customers have an increasing power because of increasing variety of alternatives available in the sector of mobile telecommunication. Majority of Nokiaââ¬â¢s competitors also offer the same packages and the sector is very sensitive to matters like the prices with clients seeking the best value for their money. Majority of the customers are also tied into the long-lasting contracts and thus having to change from one mobile phone to another is hard and costly for consumers. The sector has a very competitive market that has a variety of choices, which makes the customers to have much power as they can choose to go to the various competitors of Nokia if they are not contented with what the company is providing. The threat of new entrants: low The market of mobile phone is well-established and a lucrative one, and there is a relatively low threat of new entrants, as the technology that is needed to rival the devices that are already existing is very advanced. This is something that cannot be achieved easily by any company. The barriers to entry into the market are very high, as any potential new entrants need a lot of investment in marketing and technology so that they can be in a position of challenging the companied that are already established (Hill, et al, 2009, p.53). The threat of any potential new entrants is not probable as the initial cost that is required to enter the industry is very high and requires a lot of investment in time to be in a position of competing against the organizations that are already established. Currently, Nokia has a 29 percent of the entire global mobile telecommunications market and for any new entrant to get a little bit of their market needs a long-term scheming or even products that are highly innovative as compared to any other seen in the market (McGuigan, et al 2010, p. 41). For this to be possible, the new competitor needs very high investment for marketing and RD, in order to get positive result. The threat of substitutes: Very low It is beyond reasonable doubt that mobile phones are an everyday essential in human beingââ¬â¢s lives presently and they would not find it easy to replace, as consumers will not be in a position of having constant contact when they are not near their houses, family members or even friends (Baron, 2008, p.53). Nonetheless, the consumers may make contacts with individuals through other forms of media like email address, home telephones and social networks. However, it will not be easy for people to keep in contact in their daily lives, as the forms of communication are not convenient. Contrary, smart phones come with several functions and specifications, meaning there are many substitutes offered that focus on just a single function. Presently, mobile phones are an everyday requirement in the lives of human beings because of the fundamental functions they are capable of performing and can all be found in a single handset. Only smart phones have the ability to make phone calls, send messages, and browse the internet in a single device. Another thing that makes them an extremely critical device to human beings is the fact that it enables them to communicate constantly and at any place. Thus, the threat of alternatives is very low because a mobile phone is not only for making calls or for sending messages but many some other functions. Without the mobile phones, people will find it very difficult to have a replacement, since it can provide a lot to them all in one device. People also rely on the mobile phones greatly and might not easily find an alternative that has the whole functions of a mobile handset. Competitive rivalry: low The competitors of Nokia turned to smartphones and androids early enough while Nokia delayed in releasing their first smart phones, and hence lagging behind competitors like Apple and HTC (Hahn, and Kibora, 2008, p. 12). Their strategic alliance with Microsoft, though offers some lifeline, still needs some time before catching up with the rest. There is high competition from big corporations like Blackberry, LG and Sony Erickson. The industry of mobile phone has very high rivalry and needs huge amounts of investment in marketing and the RB to be able to compete with the established companies (Stonehouse, et al, 2007, p.43). Nokia had a slow shift into the market of smartphone, and this has left them trailing their competitors. Therefore, there is extremely high competitive rivalry and the company needs to be alert of their rivalsââ¬â¢ threat on their business especially with the Apple iPhone and RIM Blackberryââ¬â¢s rising popularity. Competitive rivalry in the industry is the principal threat to the Nokia Company because they are seriously behind in the market of Smartphone and it really needs a lot of efforts to raise their market share. Internal Analysis SWOT Analysis SWOT analysis is the most appropriate tool for the strategic planning analysis by companiesââ¬â¢ management. It is a critical tool to the improvement of business because it embraced or followed the concept that success in the digital economy is the deployment of an incorporated value chain that extends beyond and across the business Saylor (McGuigan, et al 2010, p. 17). Nokia is a leading company in the mobile phones industry and its strategic alliance with Microsoft is expected to be a game changer. It is therefore important to look at the companyââ¬â¢s internal environment. Strengths Grant (2010, p.55) says that Nokia currently enjoying more that 32 percent market share in the mobile phone industry, and this is expected to even increase following the new pact with Microsoft as they will be provided with operating system affordably and sufficiently. Both Nokia and Microsoft are well respected and trusted brands as they have been there since the start of the mobile phones and have been able to retain the trust of customers. Now in their association with Microsoft, they have regained strength in the market of smartphone, as it is a pact that has brought together two giants in their respective sectors. Having a strong brand name is an advantage since it enhances consistency; however, it is no secret that their brand name has had some wavering and now considered promotion of brand (Grant, 2010, p.43). The alliance between the two companies also means that Nokia has a secure and steady supplier market in Microsoft, where there will be enough time to concentrate on inno vation, production and marketing. The company has a strong internal R+D. Nokia became one of the first companies to the market despite not dominating the market of Smartphone, the company became one of the because of their exceptional R+D program. The new chief executive officer has brought some new ideas to the organization and influenced its entire image. Weaknesses Nokia has had its market share drop from the end of the last year in the industry of Smartphone. They have not been able to realize that Smartphones are a way of life amongst the users currently, with support software for the mobile phones that are very low. These are in the forms of applications, contrary to Blackberry and Apple that both have their individual App World. Nokia has an insight of only building phones that are brick shaped, which gives them lack of prestige in the present market of (Smartphonen, 2011, p.35). There are weak subdivisions in the company; they own as well as manage the Symbian but have abandoned it and instead gone for the windows 7, meaning than Symbian is now making losses (Saylor, 2012, p.54). Opportunities The corporation has the chance of developing their own version of the App store OVI, since their new mobile phones are being launched and hopefully accepted in the market. The company also has an opportunity of developing more products with the Microsoft Corporation and explores more opportunities that might come up from the deal. Diverse self-sufficient and valuable portfolio; Microsoft could also do diversification of their immense portfolio and dispose parts of it that is not profitable in the probable future. Threats If further loss of the share of market for Nokia continues being lost to the other big producers of Smartphones, they would actually consider withdrawal from the industry of Smartphones. The industry of mobile phones is not different from that of fashion with a quite quick turnaround. Nokia are investing lots of funds in trying to have a successful penetration into the market. By the time they succeed in doing so, the market could possibly have again shifted and had another serious breakthrough into another kind of mobile phone (Saylor, 2012, p.57). With the mobile phones software in the present day industry being as critical as the hardware, it is important that the Microsoft Corporation do not have excessive power as if the novel devices are a great success. It would not be good for the Nokia Company if Microsoft chose to raise their price on the pact or even walk out of it all together. Issues and challenges facing the company The challenges for Microsoft and Nokia alliance are overwhelming. Microsoft has still not been able to rise above the minuscule share of the market in the United States or even globally, even despite joining forces with Nokia. The Blackberryââ¬â¢s implosion was actually the best chance for Microsoft to get hold of its market share, but that did not happen. The company has to put in a lot of effort to carve out its niche in a world that has been dominated by the Android and iOS (Saylor, 2012, p.59). Missing apps The Windows Phone still has the same old problem despite now being with more Nokia; that is the lack of a sufficient app ecosystem (Donner, and Steenson, 2008, p.35). Microsoft is not getting anything from Nokia in terms of software that was not already in the Windows Phone. This is because the strongest mobile software asset of Nokia, which is its maps business, was not part of the agreement. After more than three years into the deal, Windows Phone still does not have table stakes apps as such like the native customers of Instgram and YouTube. The stance in the tablets is excessively bleaker. The Windows RT, which is the version designed for tablets specifically, is a very big flop and the Window 8 applied on tablets has not done any better in the market. The iPhone has successfully turned mobile phones, together with business mobile phones into a wholly consumer business (Saylor, 2012, p.70). This has an implication that the acquisition of Nokia has dragged the Microsoft Corporatio n into a sector that it should have avoided as much as possible. In other words, Microsoft is not a good consumer organization. Still it is not easy to see what the new CEO who has a good record of accomplishment in the companies he worked before has brought into the Nokia Company. The Xbox Problem The Xbox is a one consumer bright spot of Microsoft. Even without taking into account, the Xboxââ¬â¢s sunk cost and the fumbled Xbox Oneââ¬â¢s release, the segment of Devices and Entertainment is too small, particularly in the profit share that cannot make any significant difference (Goggin, 2011, p.23). With very little expectation for immense growth in the game console and set top box industry, the Xbox is going to make no difference for the company. Reinforce success Every business requires reinforcement and mobile phone industry is no exception. Another area of power or strength is the web services, especially those serving business and not the ones that are consumer-facing. Although Microsoft is behind Google in several aspects, it is much ahead of Apple, which usually appears as having very little idea about the web services as it is much into the devices (Saylor, 2012, p.73). This is something the two companies have not taken advantage of, and they might realize it a little bit late if the other companies have realized their shortcomings and countered them accordingly. Brand image For any business to be successful in the market, brand image must be at its best because it is what consumers will be looking for. This is because everyone wants to consume a product they are well familiar with. For the Nokia Company, its brand image has dwindles constantly to a great deal such that people are no longer comfortable buying and using its products. This is something that might make it difficult for them to regain their initial status as the leading mobile phone maker, despite alliance with Microsoft (Saylor, 2012, p.79). They might pump in a lot of money in an attempt to save the situation but may as well flop if proper marketing and investment in technology is not done to win back its customers. If things do not work out for the company as expected, then it will be a big loss for Microsoft as it entered into a partnership with a company that was already going down. Generation of Strategic growth options Every section of an organization is affected by a marketing strategy. It is all about the use of everything at the businessââ¬â¢ disposal in creation of value for others. Customers are also included in this but workers as well as shareholders benefit. The marketing strategyââ¬â¢s major purpose is setting out the means by which the marketing objectives that are agreed are to be accomplished. One of the most appropriate ways to analyze the different strategies that can be used by an organization in growing the business is with the ANSOFF Matrix (Schwarzinger, 2012, p. 42). The model takes into account the opportunities of providing available and new products and services within the present and new markets together with the levels of risk that come with them. Below are possible three strategic options that can be employed by the company: Market penetration The aim of this strategy is selling products to a market that already exists. This has been proposed because Nokia has an already existing market even though it seems to be losing it at a higher rate. Market development This strategy refers to the completion of market development successfully (Hahn and Kibora, 2008). The method has been proposed because the Nokia Company appears to have lost touch with the huge client base that it enjoyed when it was performing still well. 5.3. Product development This section of the Ansoff matrix aims at being updated as regards the latest technology in the industry. The strategy has been proposed because the company appears to be lagging behind in terms of innovation, and this is where their competitors have fully taken advantage of to win the game (Kovvali, 2011, p.73). Evaluation of strategic growth options Market penetration The aim of this strategy is selling products to a market that already exists. Nokia has an already existing market even though it seems to be losing it at a higher rate. For the company to be able to achieve this, there are several things that needs to be done such as: changing the pricing plan; this should be done in a manner such that it is competitor or penetration based. Changing the pricing plan means that they will be reducing prices of their products in an attempt to attract more customers or even maintaining the existing ones. However, in doing so, the quality of the products must also be high as consumers do not only go for the price but they want to enjoy the value for their money. For the prices to be reduced as much as possible and to ensure sustainability, a lot of resources needs to be pumped in, which the company may also not be having, considering the financial crisis that it faced (Kovvali, 2011, p.63). Introduce discounting; the company can also introduce discountin g services whereby customers pay certain amount of money in buying a particular product or quantity. Starting up a different promotion campaign or considering changes on the present one; shifting from one campaign strategy to another or improving on the available one may also help the company in getting the message home, thus attracting more customers. 6.2. Market development This strategy refers to the completion of market development successfully. Nokia Company appears to have lost touch with the huge client base that it enjoyed when it was performing still well. The company has an option of penetrating or developing new markets that its products has not reached. This can be done through targeting a completely new client base and carrying out vigorous product promotions in order to attract them. Some other means through which this can be achieved is researching and selling the products to a different market segment in instances of poor market share and saturation (Kovvali, 2011, p.79). They can also change the periods that adverts are run on television and change the places in which the display of print adverts happen. This is the best way of ensuring that the products appeal to a completely new market. The company can also reduce the present prices of its products to help in attracting a wider range of clients. 6.3. Product development This section of the Ansoff matrix aims at being updated as regards the latest technology in the industry (Bull, 2007). The company appears to be lagging behind in terms of innovation, and this is where their competitors have fully taken advantage of to win the game. The mobile phone industry is just like fashion where trends come up each day and players in the market try to beat each other by being creative and innovation in an attempt to win the customers as much as possible. Companies like Samsung have rose to great heights due to their technological inventions and they are really doing well in the Smartphone market. They have been coming up with new applications that have been appealing to customers and that are why they are really selling (Kovvali, 2011, p. 34) Nokia should pump in a lot of cash and invest heavily in technology because it is the only way to succeed in the business. Description of selected strategy Product development The selected strategy for at Nokia is product development. Nearly everyone knows that this has been the biggest undoing of the company as they have not been able to keep up with the pace at which technology is growing. Just as said earlier, the mobile phone industry is just like fashion where trends come up each day and players in the market try to beat each other by being creative and innovation in an attempt to win the customers as much as possible. Therefore, the company has no option but to invest in technology if at all they are serious about regaining the lost market share. They should produce some high-tech products with a lot of features that fit specific market segment. With the strategic alliance with Microsoft, the company stands a good chance of recovering as this is an opportunity to get a source of finances that they require to keep up with the new technological development (Saylor, 2012, p.89). Microsoft is also known for its creativity and this alliance puts Nokia in a good position because they will be able to get the best operation systems that are updated to meet the current market requirements. Moreover, the alliance will enable the company to have a pool of new ideas as together two giants that have been leaders in their respective industries for several years. Conclusion It is no doubt that the alliance between Nokia and Microsoft is the best decision ever made by the management because it is a chance of recovering from the fall to try to catch up with the current industry leaders. Pundits see it as a major coup for Nokia, but Microsoft also stands to gain from the pact. Nokia should use this opportunity to venture fully into the Smartphone market by doing product development. They should invest heavily in technology and even employ more staff that can bring meaningful changes. The company has been doing well in the other growth strategies such as market penetration and market development, but has not been doing product development. From the evaluation of the growth strategies above, product development is the only one that has remained and it is the only way that the company can attempt so as to come closer to its competitors or even beat them in the market. The Smartphones market is still growing and there are several opportunities that are yet to be exploited and with Microsoft on board, it only needs proper strategies to conquer the market. However, if proper measures and strategies are not in place then the highly hyped alliance might as well be a waste of time and resources as other companies will continue steadily while Nokia continue to fall steadily. References Baron, N 2008, ââ¬ËAdjusting the Volume: Technology and Multitasking in Discourse Controlââ¬â¢, in Katz, J. (Ed.) Handbook of Mobile Communication Studies, MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass, pp.177-94 Baron, N 2008, Always on: Language in an Online and Mobile World, à Oxford University Press,à New York. Batson-Savage, T 2007, ââ¬Ëâ⬠Hol Awn Mek a Answer Mi Cellularâ⬠: Sex, Sexuality and the Cellular Phone in Urban Jamaicaââ¬â¢, Continuum: Journal of Media and Cultural Studies, Vol.21, No.2, June, pp.239-52. Bull, M 2007, Sound Moves: Ipod Culture and Urban Experience, Routledge, London. Donner, J, and Steenson, M 2008, Beyond the Personal and Private: Modes of Mobile Phone Sharing in Urban India. In The Reconstruction of Space and Time: Mobile Communication Practices, edited by Scott Campbell and Rich Ling, 231ââ¬â250. Piscataway, NJ: Transaction Publishers. Goggin, G 2011, Global Mobile Media, New York: Routledge. Grant, R 2010, Contemporary Strategy Analysis: Text Only. John Wiley and Sons. Hahn, H and Kibora, L 2008, The Domestication of the Mobile Phone: Oral Society and New ICT in Burkina Faso. Journal of Modern African Studes 46. Henry, A 2008, Understanding Strategic Management. Oxford University Press. Hill C. et al 2009, Strategic Management Theory: An Integrated Approach. Cengage Learning. Kovvali, G 2011, Cell phones are as carcinogenic as coffee. Journal of Carcinogenesis 10 (1): 18. McGuigan, J. et al 2010, Managerial Economics. Cengage Learning. Roy, D, 2011, Strategic Foresight and Porters Five Forces: Towards a Synthesis. GRIN Verlag. Saylor, M 2012, The Mobile Wave: How Mobile Intelligence Will Change Everything. Perseus Books/Vanguard Press. Schwarzinger, A 2012, Porters Five Forces Framework An Analysis of the Swiss TV-Broadcasting Industry. GRIN Verlag. Stonehouse, G. et al 2007, Global and Transnational Business: Strategy and Management. John Wiley and Sons. Wesley Yanghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01059482297084962090noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-21390346491982338.post-63002720896555894602019-11-21T18:05:00.001-08:002019-11-21T18:05:04.205-08:00Germany and the Germans Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 wordsGermany and the Germans - Essay Example Many people are unable to determine whether Hitler is a Christian, Muslim or he does not belief in God due to some of his controversial conversations that were against Christianity religion. However, Hitlerââ¬â¢s table talk varies because of varied extraneous sources and interpretations recorded in varied languages. Summary One of the aspects that Hitler in his private conversations talks about is the nature of God. He talks about the laws and nature that will guide people towards the progress path, but quotes that people will not know anything about these laws (Hitler et.al 4). The understandings of human beings cannot envisage of other plans and human being has only discovered in nature the wonderful ideas through worshipping the laws. Therefore, people have a feeling for the all-might, whom they call God, who is the control of the natural laws of the whole cosmos. Therefore, a priest who has always followed and abides by the natural laws threatens humanity that humankind will r eceive a punishment in case they fail to accept the creed that they impose to them. Therefore, it is an issue of custom and habit in case humanity follows the part of such creed. Hitler talks of Russians being atheism because they do not believe in God, but that does not necessarily mean that they are not able to face death. Secondly, Hitlerââ¬â¢s table talks are also presented where he argues that National Socialism and religion cannot go hand in hand (Hitler, et.al 4). Therefore, the author argues Christians should not be persecuted in case the National Socialism is ruling. The ultimate solution to these is that the religion should be left to gulp down themselves without harassment and discrimination. The church should not be replaced by something else because that would be dreadful. For instance, in England, the church is governed by the state but in America, it is all an issue of conformism. The people of Germany have outstanding patience but there are other people who are ca pable of undertaking a revolution in the universe (Hitler et.al. 4). This could be better in case the Germany people would make the moral laws their governing principles in any action they take. Thirdly, Hitler talks about the issue of the rebirth of industries in Germany and the trade competition among the Germany and the British people. Hitler.et.al (11) argues the way Germany people work but they do not get the proper salary, which they deserve. Their capabilities are well recognized but the reality is that they live only by their work, which makes them a contempt object to the people whom they serve. This accounts as to why Germany people received little empathy during the Anglo-Saxon world just before the WWI. However, due to large population growth, the Germany people had to migrate and the issues of policy affairs in the state were incorporated in the labor cycle to safeguard those who were paid poorly. During the trade period, the form of production that were considered in G ermany included coal and steel in Germany industries. However, the England paid higher prices and the competition between Germany and England increased; thus England became a rich nation. The millionaires exploited the poor and they reaped a lot of fruits from the toil of other people. England flourished Wesley Yanghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01059482297084962090noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-21390346491982338.post-2129501505792013172019-11-20T16:08:00.001-08:002019-11-20T16:08:04.932-08:00Summary time,space, and the evolution of afro-america society Term PaperSummary time,space, and the evolution of afro-america society - Term Paper Example Through the American Revolution, African cultures had been integrated into the Euro-American culture in the mid eighteenth century (46). The population of slaves ranged from 4-8 percent in different counties. Most Northern blacks worked in the countryside and a few labored in the rural industries. Iron masters were the largest employers of slaves in the industries and owned the largest number of slaves in the north. Most rural slaves worked in the farms tendering livestock and growing crops for export. These slaves lived on the farms and never worked in gangs (47). Some of the white farmers relied on indented servants to supplement farm labor since slaves were expensive. In trade centers, blacks worked as stock minders and herdsmen. Provisional trading required several slaves, which enabled them create a strong companionship compared to those working in the farms. Urban slaves worked as house servants and lived in back rooms, closets, and lofts (48). The interaction between the slaves and the white people led to a gradual cultural transformation. Those in the urban centers started participating in economic activities, and they adopted Christianity. New York slaves started acquiring property, while those in the rural areas continued living in poor Wesley Yanghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01059482297084962090noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-21390346491982338.post-11371830075912977572019-11-18T14:36:00.001-08:002019-11-18T14:36:03.306-08:00Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 2Marketing - Essay Example 3). E-commerce sites such as Amazon and Play.com are also sources of competitive threat as they provide the facilities for online purchasing. In online purchasing, the consumers have many of the same advantages when it comes to music downloading. Online purchasing offers greater ease of searching and convenience and the consumers can sample the products and read reviews. Online retailers also have the ability to offer a wider selection of titles than it is possible for a high street store like HMV. HMV has a solid platform from which to launch its new drive. As mentioned before, it has a high brand equity in the market. Therefore any initiatives are likely to be welcomed by the market as the consumers have trust in the brand (Kotter & Schlesinger, 2008, p. 138). The management of the company needs to formulate strategies which address the competitive threats from three sources: downloading, online purchasing and supermarkets. The supermarkets which are competing for the same market s hare are Asda, Tesco and Sainsbury. The management of HMV needs to consider the strengths of the competitors and formulate alternative strategies accordingly (Pearlson & Saunders, 2005, p. 19, Wang & Rode, 2010, p. 9). Therefore an industry analysis should be conducted (Pascale & Sternin, 2005, p. 73). The threat of new entrants is minimal because of the high competition. The threat of substitute products comes from online. These two threats combine to create a high threat of competitive rivalry. Buyers do have high bargaining power given the wide choice from online. For the same reasons the artists who provide the content have high bargaining power. Alternative strategic options According to Michael Porterââ¬â¢s theoretical model for strategy formulation, an organization has three competitive strategies available: cost minimization, differentiation and quick focus (Gosling & Mintzberg, 2004, p. 55). In the present context, differentiation is a viable option for HMV. The music an d entertainment retailing company can arrange to maintain a diverse product selection, thus reducing the competitive threat from online companies which are eroding the attractiveness of HMVââ¬â¢s business model by offering a wide selection of titles. Diverse product categories will also help to attract a greater number of market segments, thus enhancing the companyââ¬â¢s market exposure (Winfield & Hay, 1997, p. 55). For example, HMV could increase the range of portable digital products. As the popularity of online purchasing grows, so will the demand for portable digital technology. The range of games hardware and software can also be expanded. Nintendo technology has taken the market by storm. Therefore products in this category should be emphasized upon in implementing the differentiation strategy. The pricing structure could be changed to increase demand. HMV is facing competitive pressure from music downloading because downloading facilitates lower prices. However in modi fying the prices, HMV should not forget about maintaining its brand image. If the prices were too low, then it would begin to affect its brand image as the consumers would start to suspect the quality of the products which are priced at such a low level. In pricing its products, HMV has five strategies: skimming pricing, competition pricing, psychological pricing, premium pricing and cost-based pricing (Teece, Pisano & Shuen, 1997, p. 510, Ross & Perry, 2002, p. 121). If HMV were to implement the pricing option, then it would Wesley Yanghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01059482297084962090noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-21390346491982338.post-64562685555904694292019-11-16T03:08:00.001-08:002019-11-16T03:08:05.925-08:00Marketing Analysis of Whale Watch TourismMarketing Analysis of Whale Watch Tourism Whale Watch- New Zealandââ¬â¢s Ultimate Marine Experience and the Nature-Tourism Market Question One Market Segmentation in the nature-tourism market can be defined as the process through which potential customers with similar needs and characteristics are grouped together so that a tourism organization can apply marketing strategies for the selected market segment efficiently (Oohlala, 2013). Segmentation also involves learning more about customers and making the heterogeneous market into a homogenous market (Bowker, 2014). Segmenting the New Zealand nature-tourism market is viable because it assists in understanding the needs and wants of customers, allocating marketing expenses efficiently, further developing products/services and developing marketing strategies more precisely (Grewal Levy, 2012). The two segments I will divide the domestic nature-tourism market are the: ââ¬Å"Being Thereâ⬠and ââ¬Å"Embracing Lifeâ⬠segments. Comprising of over a quarter of New Zealandââ¬â¢s adult population, ââ¬ËBeing Thereââ¬â¢ is definitely an identifiable segment which is large and old. A majority of this segment are aged 55 years or older. They havea female majority and a high percentage of people living alone. The segment can be found throughout all over in New Zealand meaning that it is substantial. Members of this segment have a strong interest in gardening and reading. They also have a positive interest in visiting natural/scenic locations, and are most likely to be a member of church or rotary group. Members of ââ¬ËBeing Thereââ¬â¢ are motivated to travel by a yearning to spend time with people they love and appreciate natural/scenic locations. This segment is most interested in sightseeing, natural attractions and walking/hiking and meaning it is a responsive segment for the nature-tourism market. As this segment is relatively wealthy, money is less of a barrier to travel meaning that it is a profitable segment. There are many viable marketing channels that can be used to reach this segment which makes it reachable. These include: Major daily newspapers, special media (e.g. gardening channels/magazines/groups), affinity groups (churches, Rotary, other voluntary groups) are all channels that can be used to reach this market. Another segment for the New Zealand nature-tourism market makes up nearly a quarter of the adult population making it a substantial segment, ââ¬ËLiving Lifeââ¬â¢ shares a philosophy to live life to the fullest and embrace nature. This segment is identifiable with a majority of members being aged between 25 and 60 years old. This segment has a dominant family structure of couples with children. Members of ââ¬ËLiving Lifeââ¬â¢ can be found throughout all over New Zealand which enables the segment to be substantial. Members of this segment are most likely to have hobbies such as mountaineering, tramping, sight-seeing, boating and gardening at home. This segment is very responsive because vacations are important to them and they holiday frequently within New Zealand. When holidaying in New Zealand, they take part in their favourite activities with their children and partners, away from the pressures of daily life. The ideal holiday for ââ¬ËLiving Lifeââ¬â¢ is spending well-earned money on an above all family-friendly, and involves outdoor experiences, scenery and landscapes meaning it is a profitable segment which will spend money on nature-tourism. Key barriers to travel are the amount of annual leave available, work and family commitments. This segment is reachable through channels such as newspaper, media/online (e.g. golf, outdoor, boating, fishing), newspapers and fairs. Question Two In order to evaluate how Whale Watchingââ¬â¢s product is perceived by potential customers, it is vital to deconstruct the product into four different levels. This is called the Total Product Concept and we will use this model to deconstruct the product Whale Watch is offering, and evaluate how the company is positioned within the nature-tourism market. Firstly, the Core Product is the fundamental benefit that responds to a potential customerââ¬â¢s need or wants (Elliott, Rundle-Thiele Waller, 2010). For Whale Watch the core benefit for a customer would be being able to observe whales in their natural habitat. This could be for recreational or scientific and educational purposes depending on the motive of the customer. Secondly, the Expected Product is the relative factors that delivers the benefit which forms the core product and fulfil the customerââ¬â¢s most basic expectations (Elliott, Rundle-Thiele Waller, 2010), Whale Watch offers an exciting up-close encounter with the Giant Sperm Whale in their natural environment. In a typical Whale Watch tour, the customer can expect to encounter a wide variety of sea-life and birds. Vessels are crewed by an expert team who are experienced in interacting with the whales. Whale Watch ensures that passenger comfort and safety are always high priority. These are all expected features of the product/service Whale Watch is offering to customers. The Augmented Product offers a combination of benefits that is not a part of the basic level of needs for the customer. It is at the augmented product level where marketers are able to significantly differentiate their products/services from the competition (Elliott, Rundle-Thiele Waller, 2010). Whale Watch is New Zealandââ¬â¢s only vessel-based whale watching experience and the 95% success rate of trips at Whale Watch means that they guarantee an 80% refund and is an example of an augmented service that gives a competitive edge over other companies. Furthermore, it is based in Kaikoura, the Whale Watching capital of New Zealand which provides a unique experience over other locations. Whale Watch is committed to the care and protection of the environment and seeks to minimise waste, promote recycling, use eco-friendly product and minimise their impact on marine life (Whale Watch, 2013). These factors are important for customers who really care about then environment and are conce rned with conservation and the preservation of nature. All these special features and facilities are factors that would help customers to choose Whale Watch over other competitors. The Potential Product of the Product Concept Model comprises all possibilities that could become part of the expected or augmented product. This includes features that are being developed planned as well as features that have not yet been conceived (Elliott, Rundle-Thiele Waller, 2010). In the future, Whale Watch could offer new tours such as swimming with dolphins swimming with whales which would offer a unique, up-and-close, more personal experience. Whale Watch will need to do research on how to bring this programme to life and keep safety measures in mind. Whale Watch seems to be using a differentiation positioning strategies using conservation, nature preservation and a unique approach to attract customers. Whale Watchââ¬â¢s positioning statement is used to succinctly convey their philosophies and approach: ââ¬Å"Whale Watch Kaikoura is New Zealandââ¬â¢s ultimate all year round nature experience offering visitors an exciting up-close encounter with The Giant Sperm Whaleâ⬠(Whale Watch, 2013). ââ¬Å"We are visitors to the world of the whales and respect it as such at all times. As a Maori owned company, Whale Watch cherishes the twin values of hospitality to visitors and reverence for the natural worldâ⬠(Whale Watch, 2013). Question Three A service is an act or performance offered by one party to another. They are economic activities that create value and provide benefits for customers at specific times and places as a result of bringing desired change .One of the unique characteristics of a service is that it is inconsistent meaning the service provider cannot provide exactly the same service every time (Brown, 2008). Applying this to Whale Watchââ¬â¢s situation, because of the nature of their service, Whale Watch cannot guarantee the same Whale Watching experience to customers for every tour. Depending on seasonal variations or even the weather on a particular day, every trip will offer a different kind of experience. Customers are not guaranteed to be able to see a consistent number of whales and sea-life on every trip because Whale Watch has little control over this factor. In some seasons of the year, certain animals will not appear at all and on certain days no whales may be sighted at all. Because Whale Watch offers a conservative and completely nature-based experience it cannot ââ¬Å"forceâ⬠a service and experience for the customer. In order to manage these challenges Whale Watch seems to have particular strategies to target and solve these challenges. Firstly, Whale Watch offers an 80% refund if a tour does not see a whale. Furthermore, Whale Watch staff constantly monitor the weather and respond professionally to any changes. This could a result in a tour being cancelled or safety restrictions placed on children or passengers with medical problems. This is because Whale Watch wants to promote passenger comfort and safety as their number one priority. Furthermore, Whale Watch would want to decrease the chances of a trip a day with bad weather conditions resulting in zero or minimal whale sightings. The on-board plasma screens display a virtual animated tour while the tour is actually taking place so customers will have a larger than life experience even though there may be inconsistency in actual whale and other sea-life sightings. Also, the professional guides and skippers are there in order to maintain consistency in a service with inconsistent characteristics. Whale Watch will make sure that the staff provide a high level of professional service with passenger safety and comfort as their number one priority. This is evident in their constant monitoring of weather and responding professionally.to any changes. Looking at Whale Watchââ¬â¢s philosophy and positioning statement, the company emphasizes that it is Maori owned which has a reverence for the natural environment and is dedicated to conservation, preservation and respect for wildlife. This is a factor that Whale Watch seems to be using to manage challenges of inconsistency of its services. Many customerââ¬â¢s especially nature-lovers and conservationists will respect the companyââ¬â¢s philosophies and understand the unavoidable, inconsistent nature of services that Whale Watch is offering. Word Count: 1590 References Grewal, D., Levy, M. (2013). Marketing (1st ed.). New York: McGraw Hill/Irwin. Oohlala, R. (2013). Tourism market segmentation. Slideshare.net. Retrieved from http://www.slideshare.net/reymarieoohlala/tourism-market-segmentation/ Whalewatch.co.nz. (2014). New Zealand Attractions | Kaikoura Whale Watching | Canterbury NZ. Retrieved from http://www.whalewatch.co.nz/ Brown, A. (2008). Alex Brown: teaching digital marketing and ending horse slaughter. Udel.edu. Retrieved from http://www.udel.edu/alex/index.html/ Bowker, M. (2014). Segmentation, targeting and positioning [PowerPoint slides]. Retrieved from https://cecil.auckland.ac.nz/ Wesley Yanghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01059482297084962090noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-21390346491982338.post-81245064835575588122019-11-13T15:38:00.001-08:002019-11-13T15:38:03.609-08:00King Phillip And Puwblo Revolt:compare And Contrast Essay -- essays re 5 years and nearly an entire continent separated King Philipââ¬â¢s war from the great pueblo revolt. Compare and contrast the causes and consequences of these 2 conflicts. The Great Pueblo revolt of 1680 all started with the droughts of 1660 when the Southwest had severe drought that brought famine and disease. During this, hungry Apaches who couldnââ¬â¢t find food on plains attacked the pueblos. This angered the people on the pueblos, but there new leader Popeââ¬â¢, a mysterious medicine doctor, tried to keep the Indian beliefs around and resisted the Christian religion. The Spaniards hated this, so they captured his older brother. This enraged Popeââ¬â¢ against the Spaniards so he held meetings to tell everybody that the Spaniards must leave. The Spaniards found out about this and arrested Pope, publicly flogged him and released him back to the pueblos. When he was captured, the pueblo people set fires in the Indian villages in New Mexico. To take care of the fires, the Spaniards sent troops to halt the ritual of setting the fires by pueblo people, and they arrested all of the medicine doctors, killing several of them. The people believed th at the doctors protected them from evil, so all of the pueblo towns wanted to unite against the Spaniards. The group from the pueblos went to the governor of Santa Fe and told him that if the doctors that were imprisoned werenââ¬â¢t released by sundown, all of the Spaniards in New Mexico would be killed. They released the prisoners because the Indians outnumber the Spaniards by a huge amount. à à à à à Hate and anger was spreading throughout the pueblos concerning the Spaniards power in New Mexico. There was a small skirmish in Santa Fe that the Indians won, but Pope said they needed more than that. He wanted Indian organization, leadership, and a magic spark with which to set the country aflame. He traveled to each pueblo and won their loyalty during secret meetings he held. He wanted each pueblo to strengthen the courage of their Indians by cleansing the ranks of informers. He suspected his son-in-law as being as a spy for the Spaniards, so they killed him. The Spaniards found out about this and went looking for Pope, but he hid in the Taos Pueblo. à à à à à In midsummer 1680, Pope said the time was now for a revolt. Pope used his mystical powers to summon 3 native Gods to his secret chamber.... ...nââ¬â¢t find any alliances. Phillip attacked anyway, starting King Phillipââ¬â¢s War. After the attack, the Nipmucks and the Mohicans joined him by burning several English cities. à à à à à In spring 1676, Phillip attacked Massachusetts and lower Rhode Island. All of the Indians from Phillipââ¬â¢s tribe were helping him, except for the praying Indians who were on the English side. Phillip relocated all of the praying Indians to Dear Island, while he continued his conquest. à à à à à Alderman, one of the praying Indians, knew of Phillips whereabouts and told the English where he was. The English killed Phillip and let Alderman keep Phillipââ¬â¢s hand in a bucket of rum so he could show everybody. His head was severed and placed in a cage in Plymouth for everybody to see. à à à à à The war resulted in 1/6th of the entire white population was killed, a cost of 90,000 pounds of sterling, and 25 English towns abandoned or destroyed. The fighting continued until 1678, when only 6 Indian villages remained in Maine, with only praying Indians surviving. The wars also freed up a lot of land for English Settlements. à à à à à Wesley Yanghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01059482297084962090noreply@blogger.com0