Halo †Humanities Essay

Follow Nobody hates writing papers as much as college instructors hate grading papers (and no, having a robot do it is not the answer). Students of the world: You think it wastes 45 minutes of your sexting time to pluck out three quotes from The Sun Also Rises, summarize the same four plot points 50 times until you hit Page 5, and then crap out a two-sentence conclusion? It wastes 15 hours of my time to mark up my students’ flaccid theses and non sequitur textual â€Å"evidence,† not to mention abuse of the comma that should be punishable by some sort of law—all so that you can take a cursory glance at the grade and then chuck the paper forever. What’s more, if your average college-goer does manage to read through her professor’s comments, she will likely view them as a grievous insult to her entire person, abject proof of how this cruel, unfeeling instructor hates her. That sliver of the student population that actually reads comments and wants to discuss them? They’re kids whose papers are good to begin with, and often obsessed with their GPAs. I guarantee you that every professor you know has given an A to a B paper just to keep a grade-grubber off her junk. (Not talking to you, current students! You’re all magnificent, and going to be president someday. Please do not email me. ) Oh, â€Å"attitudes about cultures have changed over time†? I’m so glad you let me know. When I was growing up, my mother—who, like me, was a â€Å"contingent† professor—would sequester herself for days to grade, emerging Medusa-haired and demanding of sympathy. But the older I got, the more that sympathy dissipated: â€Å"If you hate grading papers so much,† I’d say, â€Å"there’s an easy solution for that. † My mother, not to be trifled with when righteously indignant (that favored state of the professoriate), would snap: â€Å"It’s an English class. I can’t not assign papers. † Mom, friends, educators, students: We don’t have to assign papers, and we should stop. We need to admit that the required-course college essay is a failure. The baccalaureate is the new high-school diploma: abjectly necessary for any decent job in the cosmos. As such, students (and their parents) view college as professional training, an unpleasant necessity en route to that all-important â€Å"piece of paper. † Today’s vocationally minded students view World Lit 101 as forced labor, an utter waste of their time that deserves neither engagement nor effort. So you know what else is a waste of time? Grading these students’ effing papers. It’s time to declare unconditional defeat. Most students enter college barely able to string three sentences together—and they leave it that way, too. With protracted effort and a rhapsodically engaged instructor, some may learn to craft a clunky but competent essay somewhere along the way. But who cares? My fellow humanists insist valiantly that (among other more elevated reasons) writing humanities papers leads to the crafting of sharp argumentative skills, and thus a lifetime of success in a number of fields in which we have no relevant experience. But my friends who actually work in such fields assure me that most of their colleagues are borderline-illiterate. After all, Mark Zuckerberg’s pre-Facebook Friendster profile bragged â€Å"i don’t read† (sic), and look at him. Of course it would be better for humanity if college in the United States actually required a semblance of adult writing competency. But I have tried everything. I held a workshop dedicated to avoiding vague introductions (â€Å"The idea and concept of the duality of sin and righteousness has been at the forefront of our understanding of important concepts since the beginning of time.†) The result was papers that started with two incoherent sentences that had nothing to do with each other. I tried removing the introduction and conclusion altogether, and asking for a three-paragraph miniessay with a specific argument—what I got read like One Direction fan fiction. 200500899-001 The sliver of the student population that actually reads comments and wants to discuss them? They’re kids whose papers are good to begin with, and often obsessed with GPAs. Photo by Nick White / Thinkstock  I’ve graded drafts and assigned rewrites, and that helps the good students get better, but the bad students, the ones I’m trying to help, just fail to turn in any drafts at all. Meanwhile, I come up for air and realize that with all this extra grading, I’m making 75 cents an hour. I’m not calling for the end of all papers—just the end of papers in required courses. Some students actually like writing, and let those blessed young souls be English majors, and expound on George Eliot and Virginia Woolf to their hearts’ content, and grow up to become writers, huzzah. But for the common good, leave everyone else out of it. Instead of essays, required humanities courses (which I support, for all the reasons William Cronon, Martha Nussbaum, and Paulo Freire give) should return to old-school, hardcore exams, written and oral. You cannot bullshit a line-ID. Nor can you get away with only having read one page of the book when your professor is staring you down with a serious question. And best of all, oral exams barely need grading: If you don’t know what you’re talking about, it is immediately and readily manifest (not to mention, it’s profoundly schadenfroh when a student has to look me in the face and admit he’s done no work). Plus, replacing papers with rigorous, old-school, St. John’s-style tribulations also addresses an issue humanities-haters love to belabor: Paper-grading is so subjective, and paper-writing so easy to fake, that this gives the humanities their unfortunate reputation as imprecise, feelings-centered disciplines where there are â€Å"no right answers. † So let’s start requiring some right answers. Sure, this quashes the shallow pretense of expecting undergraduates to engage in thoughtful analysis, but they have already proven that they will go to any lengths to avoid doing this. Call me a defeatist, but honestly I’d be happy if a plurality of American college students could discern even the skeletal plot of anything they were assigned. With more exams and no papers, they’ll at least have a shot at retaining, just for a short while, the basic facts of some of the greatest stories ever recorded. In that short while, they may even develop the tiniest inkling of what Martha Nussbaum calls â€Å"sympathetic imagination†Ã¢â‚¬â€the cultivation of our own humanity, and something that unfolds when we’re touched by stories of people who are very much unlike us. And that, frankly, is more than any essay will ever do for them.

Cell Phones Essay

Cell phones in school should they be or should they not be allowed? Are they a distraction, and if they are, can we turn this problem around and utilize this technology towards positive results in a classroom setting. Can teachers utilize the cell phone in a classroom to their advantage? â€Å"This may sound like a good suggestion to have one in school, but allowing cell phones in school is not a good idea† (Should). Where can schools draw the line as to when a student uses their cell phone, better yet can they? (Shortypants808). Among administrators, teachers, students and parents there is much deliberation on whether cell phones should be allowed in school. This topic has been hashed and re-hashed for many years. Opinions’ on this matter vary greatly. Are they or are they not disruptive in a classroom? Then there is the issue of safety, and bullying via text messages, whether it is thru the messages that are sent or possibly â€Å"sexting† between students (Shortypants808). In this age of technological advantages, cell phones are in the hands of almost all of the students entering school from the age of 12 and up, and in some cases even younger (Shortypants808). Socially it is becoming almost impossible for a teenager to be without a cell phone, in part because of peer pressure. It is a way in which they have become accustomed to chatting, texting, in order for them to stay in close contact with their friends and family. It has also become a way in which parents have immediate contact with their children without going thru the office at a school (Shortypants808). One could also argue that the pressure of cell phone companies to offer family deals is just one of the reasons we see children with a cell phone in their hands at a young age. It is only a few more dollars to add family members when they sign a contract, than it is to get a completely new contract when a parent decides to add a teenager to their plan. I know this, because it is exactly what we did when we purchased cell phones for our children. It would be hard today to imagine life without a cell phone. They have become a part of everyday life for almost everyone. Where ever you go, you undoubtedly run into someone who has a phone in their hand. I work at a private school, and believe that cell phones should be collected at the beginning of each class, only to be retrieved as they are walking out the door to go to their next class. They are a distraction in several different ways, and they can interfere with the process of education. The school has a policy in place which states: â€Å"Students may bring cell phones to school; however, during school hours cell phones must be turned off, and stored in lockers. If a student needs to make a call he/she must get permission from the teacher and make the call in the foyer. Cell phones may be used in cafe and extended day with permission†. This policy is acknowledged, and signed not only by the students’; it is also signed by their parents, yet is abused by the students on a daily basis. Phones are brought to the office if a student is caught using it during class, and a parent must come in and retrieve it. Parents are told why their child’s phone was taken away, and asked that they please speak to their child regarding where their phone is to be kept during the day. Years ago there was no need for students to get in contact with anyone during the school day, and that is still true today. If there was an emergency, teachers and staff have been prepared on how to handle emergency situations. Cell phones really should not be allowed in school (Lee, Deborah; McMahon, Maureen). Cell phones are more than just a device in which you can call your family and friends on. It is now a device that can store music, play games, download information, watch movies, take pictures, upload information to facebook, YouTube, email and text messaging just to name a few. Such uses on a cell phone like this is fantastic when you are traveling, however, once given to children who are entering school, it now becomes a questionable device, of which none of it is part of any school’s curriculum. There are many students who will push the boundaries when wanting to use their cell phone in a classroom environment. Students today have become so savvy with their cell phones, that half the time they are not caught during class. They have memorized the key pads so they can actually have their phone in their pocket and text other students while sitting in the classroom. Teachers are often interrupted in class because a child forgot to silence their phone. Then there is the student who might get caught texting, whether they are just texting their friend in another classroom, or texting another student to obtain an answer to a question on a test, better yet, what about accessing the internet to obtain answers. Most teachers find it annoying and rude when their class is interrupted, because a cell phone has vibrated or rang during class. Last summer, the Educational Testing Service, which handles test security for the College Board, canceled the scores of hundreds of Advanced Placement tests taken by Trabuco Hills High School students in Orange County, Calif. , after they discovered some students sent texts among themselves during the exam, said ETS spokesman Tom Ewing. † (Alapo, Lola). Then there is the student who deems it necessary to bully or be part of a bulling towards another student today when it comes to using their cell phones, what about the student who is a bully, and decides this is the best way to gang up on another student without getting caught. Gets other students to join in his/her bulling via cell phone. Unless another student is willing to step forward in these cases, it is virtually almost impossible for a teacher to know who started the bulling because of the ability to instantly delete what has been sent. The only cases you hear about in instances like this are to the far extreme where a student has decided to take their own life, and when confronted with the files from phone companies in a court of law, is when you hear about bulling via texting, or pictures that were taken and passed around from one person to another to another in a school environment. Cell phones in a classroom are distracting for teachers, it also is disrupting to other students who respect the teacher and are there to learn. Students are unable to place their full undivided attention on what the teacher is trying to teach, thus frustrating the teachers even more. Teachers come to school to educate students. It is their job. Parents often get upset if they feel their child has not learned anything from a teacher. Yet, at the same time, parents are equally as guilty. Without thinking parents will often text their child during the course of a school day just to let them know if they are going to be late picking them up from school, if they can’t come and get them, and if they need to catch a ride home with another person, or various other reasons. So do parents have the right to get upset if their child has not retained the information that is being taught? I think not. Schools often have a plan in place regarding the use of cell phones on school properties. Many schools state that if a student brings a cell phone to school it must be turned off and placed in their locker until the end of the day. This does not work. Students are often found with their cell phones in their backpacks, in their pockets, virtually almost everywhere they can think of placing it without too much detection. Cell phones are part of their very existence today. Students are lost if they don’t have one readily available to them at their finger tips. They have grown up in a sophisticated advanced techno world, that it is hard for them to understand, and comprehend reasons as to why they can’t have their phone on them all the time. Parents should be equally to blame, after all they purchased cell phones for their children because a child cannot purchase one until they are 18 years of age. This was done out of convenience for parents, not realizing the disadvantages they are imposing on their children; i. e. lack of concentration on subjects being taught during class time. What about safety during school. One could argue that if students had not brought in their cell phones to school the day of the Columbine tragedy, authorities would have responded much slower. Because students had cell phones on them they were able to contact authorities and have them arrive much faster, saving many more lives (Henson, Steve). What if one of those students who used their cell to contact the authorities was overheard by the shooters. Would they too have lost their life? So does this nationally known incident make it right for students to bring cell phones into their classroom? All in all, I do believe that cell phones should not be banned from school. I do believe that their does need to be a more stringent way of dealing with students who abuse cell phone usage during school.

Human Papilloma Virus Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Human Papilloma Virus - Essay Example The warts seldom cause cancer or other medical complications, though the viruses that are transferred sexually and cause warts to be located on the genital reason are capable of causing cervix cancer in females (Stern, 1994). Though the actual cause of any form of human papilloma virus in an individual is still unknown, it can be contracted by making contact with a person that does have the virus. Genital HPV infections are developed through sexual intercourse and oral sex; in the case of oral sex, the warts can appear around or in the mouth or throat. In regard to other forms of the human papilloma virus, skin-to-skin contact, regardless of the body part, can cause a person to pass the virus on to another. The human papilloma virus cannot always be cured. Even if the person no longer has warts, as they are able to disappear, the person can still be harboring the virus and can still pass it on to another (Dizon, 2010). Vaccines and medications are available to get rid of the warts ca used by the virus. Other methods of treating the warts include freezing with liquid nitrogen, which can be done in an over-the-counter fashion, and surgical or laser surgery. It is difficult to prevent human papilloma virus, especially the types that produce common warts. Sexually transmitted viruses can be prevented by practicing safe sex and reducing the number of partners. References Dizon, D. S. (2010). Human papilloma virus. New York: Jones & Bartlett Learning. Stern, P. L.

Sustainability Challenge Associated with Urban Dynamics Essay

Sustainability Challenge Associated with Urban Dynamics - Essay Example Urban sprawl did not start recently. It started a long time ago. Here, we find that the rich had a desire to seek the pleasure of living in secluded areas with low population densities. The Chinese and the Romans historically practiced this habit of the rich living in suburbs with protective walls (Karen & J. Marshall, 2009 p 2). The sprawl in cities and towns always occur when the city has reached peak economic growth. Therefore, at first population density in the city center is normally high. As the city develops, this density reduces as people move away from the center due to improved services such transportation.Scholars, planners, public officials and community activists have offered many possibilities that cause urban sprawl. These causes include lack of comprehensive planning, rapid population growth, consumer preferences and subsidized infrastructure improvements.Lack of comprehensive planning is one of the principal urban sprawl causes. Poorly planned developments in the out skirts of urban centers often happen due to officials planning in a densely populated urban area without consulting nearby communities (Chiara et al, 2010, p 3). The resultant less densely populated regions demand high expenses for infrastructural development. Rapid population growth is another key factor responsible for urban sprawl especially in the Southern and Western United States regions (Klaufus, 2010, p 5). When the population of a city increases, people will tend to move spreading. further from the city centres. When communities in the urban fringes enjoy subsidies of roads, sewers and water from municipalities, unplanned developments easily sprawl in the regions. Some people prefer living in isolated places with much space for large homes, large yards and more bedrooms. This desire means movement of people away from densely populated city centres. The movement results in spreading of cities and progressively reduction in population density away from the city centre. A lack of understanding of unplanned growth consequences may also lead to urban sprawl. The government in most cases has not taken a consideration of the implications of urban sprawl. The government’s action of allowing developers to do as they wish may also cause urban sprawl. When people over depend on automobiles for transportation, urban sprawl may also result. Developments in the urban areas involve the use of materials such as stone, cement and asphalt. Subsidies on automobiles play a critical role in the spreading of urban sprawl. This, according to Hanson (1992), enables automobile owners to incur low costs of

What Does It Mean To Be An Educated Person Essay

What Does It Mean To Be An Educated Person - Essay Example Everyone goes to university and earns a degree but educated ones are only those who learn something and use their knowledge. Education has become the backbone of every society and especially everywhere in the world the competition of getting quality education is intense. Youngsters are running here forth to get the best of education and to compete in this technologically advanced world. Competition is more intense in rural areas than urban areas in attaining good grades because the students there knows well that whoever will get a scholarship can further afford to study otherwise rest of them have to either stop studying or get admitted into some infamous, small or not up to the mark college or university. Whereas, in urban areas the competition is not only just about attaining the good grades but also about studying in a prestigious and well known college or university. They consider it as their status symbol to get qualified from a famous university. Mostly students take education for granted and show reluctance towards their studies. They are always indulged in bunking classes, involving in some notorious activities, getting suspension, and not completing their homework. Life is a joke for them and they are not serious about their future. Hence, they suffer in the end when they are not left with any option and have to start off everything from the beginning in order to compete with the educated ones. It takes entire life to become successful but youngsters think that success comes with a blink of an eye (Kapoor; Naomi; Ozieh). Education opens one’s mind and widens his vision. He interacts with so many different people who belong to different culture, tradition, race, religion and areas. People learn a lot during their time in schools and colleges but once they are graduated and done with their degree, it’s the time to show the application of their LEARNED knowledge. Ignorance is the curse for a society and hence, every country in the world is s triving hard to make it developed by education and success. It is believed that success comes to those who are educated but in actual educated people struggle hard for success. Education enlightens the knowledge of the person. This globe consists of many challenging and major social problems and an educated person should use his education as a tool to aware people about how to

Pivot Column Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Pivot Column - Assignment Example The column (r) becomes an r-nth column. In a tableau the pivot column is the column that has the most negative integer. If there are no negative indicators then the tableau is already considered final and the solution is already evident. The pivot row is the row with the smallest non-negative ratio (quotient). The pivot element is the number that sits at the intersection of the column with the most negative indictor (pivot column) and the row with the smallest quotient (pivot row). The example below is from â€Å"The Simplex Method† (n.d. web). This scenario was based on three different products ( s , t, u) and three different machines required to make those products. Note all calculations are done from the basic solution that x, y, and z, (number of units per product) are all zero. The original numbers used and the full calculation can be found in the reference section. In this first set of calculations the pivot column is in blue, the pivot row is in yellow and the pivot element is in green. The pivot element is found by first selecting the pivot column (the one with the most negative indicator) – in this example it is column 1 with -6. Then the constant on the right of the bar needs to be divided by the corresponding non-zero element in the pivot column and this will give you the smallest quotient (pivot row) and the intersection of these two (row and column) will give you the pivot

Burger King Inc Organisation Strategy Research Paper

Burger King Inc Organisation Strategy - Research Paper Example As per the research findings from modern economic scholars and thinkers, organisation strategy is described as the manner in which organization transforms their management and operation activities in order to meet the market needs and demands (Wootton & Horne, 2002). In coming up with effective organization strategies, organisations managers and leaders consider various factors and constraints. Skills and competence in an organisation, organisation structures, talent management practices, organisation culture as well as existing market dynamic are some of the core factors that define organization strategies in modern business entities (Liedtka, 2008). To prosper in modern American and international market, Burger King Inc have in the recent past instituted various strategies that have proved to be extremely effective in advancing its productivity. However, due to the emergence of market changes and increase in the number of competitors in the market, the company ought to institute mo re effective and complicated strategies. The Burger King Inc has numerous franchises and over 10, 400 restaurants in global market. In addition, the company has as well succeeded in establishing more than 1000 outlets in global market. ... In addition, the entrance of new business entities in local and global market is also another major threat to the company’s productivity. The adoption of effective strategies by Burger King Inc.’s competitors has as well posed a very serious threat to the organisation development and productivity. Other factors that have threatened the organisation productivity and efficiency entails change in market and customers needs and demands, emergence of numerous competitors in food industry, new and complicated technological development as well as introduction of new policies and measures in global market. To counter the identified challenges and market complications, Burger King Inc ought to come up with new strategies to retain its position in global and local market. Additionally, in order to realise the most effective expansion and development, Burger King Inc need to restructure its organisation strategies and programs. The adoption of new promotion and marketing strategie s, management strategies and effective production strategies is therefore very essential and critical in facilitating development in Burger King Inc. By evaluating some of the main challenges in contemporary market, the essay below will focus on identifying some of the most effective strategies that Burger King Inc. should introduce in order to prosper in modern dynamic and complicated market. The essay will as well explore the current Burger King Inc market position and some of its main challenges. Burger King Inc Background Burger King Inc is currently one of the largest food chain in global food-chain market. Burger King Inc was established in 1954 and was named as â€Å"Insta Burger King†. The organization headquarters are situated in Miami in Florida, United

Discussion Board #6 Cool Jazz Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Discussion Board #6 Cool Jazz - Article Example Pure musical devices have been used in the production of the recording and emotional expressions are correctly used. The recording is accompanied by a cool and detached concentration which encircles the performances that happens alongside the recording. In the recording, the rhythm section’s role is to provide the foundation over which the improvisers could drape melodies to accompany the recording or the album. The drummers and bassist have efficiently played their role in the recording as they have not interacted with the soloists; therefore, intensity in the recording has been controlled. The recording also posses’ incredible lines sound making it be a perfect match of the 21st century, this is because of the rhythmic activity used by instrumentalist in the recording. The recording thus reveals subconscious-Lee as musician of the past who has allowed and incorporated changes in the twenty first century to produce a form of music that is appealing to the present and future

UnSpun Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

UnSpun - Essay Example Some consider it as a city with all the various societies ranging from business to private users. It makes users feel close to each other while in reality they are distance apart and this distance causes disorientation and confusion for users. The Great Crow Fallacy discusses on how the thoughts of a person and his or her unprofessional observations were highly manipulated into becoming facts which had been researched. According to this chapter, saying about something does not make it to be so one does not have to believe in everything they hear. This chapter also states that extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence and so one should ask about the origin of the claim. A person should also ask questions whenever possible on any evidence. The chapter emphasizes on believing on data more than anything else. The first presidential debate 2012 in USA between Mitt Romney and Barrack Obama can be used to bring about the great crow fallacy. In the debate, Mitt Romney is seen to be correcting misleading statements uttered by Obama about Romney’s plan for health care and entitlement reform. The people of the United States voted for Obama from his sayings that he was out for change. The people therefore believed in him as a pro human rights activist who will stand up and bring every injustice to justice and transparency. However, these expectations were barely met after 100 days upon his election as he is on record in terms of the US encounter to the terrorism polices to have been reviewed by the Amnesty International report. This brings about the great crow fallacy as Obamas words prior to the election does not hold on through out. Here Romney is seen to accuse Joe Biden of making misleading statements on the consulate attack in Libya. This brings about the concept of the great crow fallacy as saying about the misleading statements does not make it be true as this may have been mare

How religios and cultural values influence polio immunization uptake Literature review

How religios and cultural values influence polio immunization uptake in Northern Nigeria - Literature review Example However, it is noteworthy in this context that immunization has already been able to eliminate various regions throughout the globe, except in three particular countries, i.e. Pakistan, Afghanistan and Nigeria, which perhaps, might have been owing to the issues associated with religious as well as cultural values (Plotkin, 2011). Owing to its success and efficiency in mitigating risks of various controllable diseases, the importance of immunization has emerged as quite prominent in the recent phenomenon. Notably, it is often credited by medical practitioners to be directly related with the promotion of health and wellbeing of the people, which has in turn enhanced its efficiency and importance to a vast magnitude (Onyebuchi, 2013). Importance and positive effects of immunization is very much apparent in the region of Northern Nigeria. However, recent reports have revealed about the reluctance of people in Northern Nigeria to immunize their children with polio vaccination, principally owing to their religious and cultural orthodoxy (Otieno, 2013; Oshinsky, 2005). Contextually, as per the study of Otieno (2013), there is a degree of religious fear persisting amid the people in Nigeria to immunize their children and protect them from polio. Though the people belonging to the region of Northern Nigeria have made several deliberate efforts towards combating the disease, little positive results have been obtained. Consequently, conducting the process of polio immunization at an extensive rate in Northern Nigeria has been quite challenging for the concerned authorities owing to the fact that most of the people in this part of the world are gypsies and are thus, used to move from one place to other without having any fixed address. This makes it even more challenging for the practitioners to continually monitor the developments of these people and ensure that the immunization process is undertaken

Second World War Essay Example for Free

Second World War Essay After the Second World War, there were many organizations that were formed to take care of different interests, mostly political and economical. The General Agreement on Trade and Tariffs (GATT) was one such organization that was formed in 1947 to protect and trade between member countries (Bagwell, Staiger, 2002). The major aim of the organization was to look at the tariffs and restrictions that affected trade among the member countries and how to harmonise them. To ensure that the objectives of GATT were achieved, the members laid down some principles that were to be followed by all members and be guidance in all their activities. The principles formed the basis for the GATT agreements. Hence, it was not right for any member country to come up with policies that were contrary to the agreed principles. The Most Favoured Nation (MFN) is one major principle that was to be observed by the member countries. This was the first principle that was passed to guide trade. This principle says that no member country should discriminate another member in trade. If a member gives a favour to another, (for instance, lowering the customs duty), then this has to be applied to all other members. Furthermore, in this principle, it means that goods or services from one member country is treated no differently from goods or services from another country. In addition, when the goods of a foreign country are in another’s domestic market, they have to be treated no less than the other commodities (Leonard, 2006). The second principle calls for the member countries to protect their domestic industry by applying customs duty, instead of using trade barriers. In essence, the principle called for the member countries to be transparent in carrying out their trading activities. Thirdly, the reciprocity principle called for the member countries to consult one another on matters that concerned trade between them. The principle required that as one member country called for the other to reduce her tariffs; she should as well reduce hers. This principled was thus aimed at giving mutual benefit to the trading partners. The fourth major principle dealt with improving new trade tariffs. The members agreed that by imposing a new tariff at one point, it needed to maintain the balance. These principles thus provided a framework in which the member countries were to negotiate any trading activities (Faye, 1996). GATT principles emphasised on membership trade as opposed to individualistic trade. Taking the case of non discrimination trading, it meant that only a member country could not be discriminated, but non members could not enjoy such privileges. This meant that competition between GATT members and the non members could not be a healthy competition. However, even though the principle stipulated for non discrimination between members, it was not possible to ensure that this was upheld. This was brought about by the endowment and the technology factor that existed between the member states, causing differences members have in the competition position. If there are no differences in the competitive environment, there can not be any economic welfare benefit that will be found as a result of international trade (Dowlah, 2004). GATT was formed on the principle of reciprocity. This principle has contributed to having negative impact on liberalising trade. If a nation combines the Most Favoured Nations principle and reciprocity, it can force the government to make sure that importation tariffs are lowered further, which again will be a very big disadvantage to the non member countries. When a member country lobbies for the lowering of importation tariffs, it will generally transform to other members reducing their tariffs as a way of reciprocating. This has led to a fight between the exporters advocating for liberalised trade, while the importers fighting to protect their firms. Non GATT members who were interested in liberalising their markets on a non reciprocal form have found it very hard as the members are never willing to liberalise their markets on a non reciprocal manner. This implies that the non GATT members find it very hard to trade and compete on the same level with the GATT members. For the members to liberalise their markets, they have first to see what benefit they are going to get from the others. Off course this goes against the free trade principle, since no member will be willing to trade with a country that is not going to give them any benefit in the trading pattern. Therefore, for any country to trade with another, there has to be tangible benefit that has to be proven between the nations. This is generally very difficult to be found between a member and a non member, as only the members will benefit from the agreements. Through reciprocity principle, a nation will ensure that it benefits from a trade concession by giving out another trade concession. Therefore, if a nation does not have any given concession, then it will be impossible for it to trade with others. The effect of this is that it might inhibit further liberalisation of the markets. This is due to the fact that individual members might be forced to carry out liberalisation of trade, without doing the same to the GATT members. In essence, this action will lead to having trade concessions that GATT members do not have to necessarily match (Brett, 2001). The GATT agreements have contributed to members harming others, especially the new members. Looking at the welfare gain that is supposed to be generated from the free trade, it has to be reflected to the whole members (Cannon Bland, 1993). However, on distributive, it occurs on individual level. This effect can be offset by a shift that can occur in the free trade. The problem is that this is a political decision that can affect how the free trade will occur. In more powerful nations, the governments have been forced to take up trade policies that are detrimental to the weak nations (Narlikar, 2003). There are many other problems that have been facing GATT members but being swept under the rug. Some of these problems have been advantageous to one nation while being disadvantageous to another. For instance, this was witnessed when the Japanese cars entered the American markets. Japan was faced with invisible pressure that it had to voluntarily limit the number of vehicles it was exporting to the United States (http://www. busmgt. ulster. ac. uk/modules/eco811m1/Group%201. doc. ). This is a clear evidence of how GATT members and those who supported these ideologies were bending matters so as to suit their own needs. Some powerful members like the European Union have also been taking the interpretation of GATT principles at liberty and no action has been taken against them. Many of the conflicts that have occurred in the trading patterns within GATT have been mostly solved in a very mystifying manner. It has mostly been in favor of the powerful states leaving the less powerful and the new members at a loss. In coming up with the non trade barriers, there were many other challenges that members faced in the implementation. For instance, France had a requirement that all VCRs that were being imported into the country had to undergo an inspection and pass it before being allowed into the country. The major problem with the policy is that there was a big congestion since the country depended on a single inspector (http://www. busmgt. ulster. ac. uk/modules/eco811m1/Group%201. doc. ). It was also difficult to know if some non trade barriers were genuinely motivated by policies of other partners or it was just a matter of interfering with trade. This can be explained by the instance in which the US limited the exportation of tuna as a way of protecting the dolphins. On the other hand, Mexico was taking a large number of the tuna catches into the American markets disregarding how the mode in which they were caught. After some time, Mexico was blamed on how the number of dolphins had declined. This was challenged but GATT did not do anything on the matter, hence benefiting a few nations (Collins, Bosworth, 1994). The GATT rules were so much concerned with protecting the industrialized countries leaving the poor countries that depended on agriculture out. Hence, it led to the feeling that GATT was out to protect only the rich. GATT principles seemed to be more biased in protecting the rich nations all along leaving the poor nations out. In trying to resolve the matter, the developed countries tried to be flexible with their rules, but it still did not deter the developing countries from agitating for more GATT rights (Dowlah, 2004). As earlier argued, most of the GATT principles were political, hence did not put in effect such issues as the environment (White, 1998). Taking the case in which the GATT principle calls for the member countries to treat imported goods from a member country in the same manner as locally produced goods, it was later changed and the decision only based on finished commodities being sold to the public. In this case, if the goods that had been imported were the same as the domestically produced goods, then it was not necessary to consider the mode at which the commodities were produced (Kahler, 1995). This implies that it is not possible to impose environmental issues on the products being manufactured by the member countries into others that are environmentally vulnerable. This meant that countries that disallowed the importation of especially food products that had been produced by the use of a lot of pesticides and other chemicals to be at the risk of getting its markets flooded with such commodities. This also affected small and medium sized farmers. The farmers who had diversified their productions could not be able to compete at the same level with those dealing with one type of crops at a large scale (Wold, 1996). It is thus true to argue that GATT played a significant role in developing trade and liberalizing the markets. It created a co-operation between the markets that was initially not there (Barons, 1991). However, the system outlived its purpose by benefiting few nations at the expense of others; hence the Uruguay roundtable that led to the formation of the world trade organization was timely. Bibliography Bagwell, K Staiger R. W (2002): Economic Theory and the Interpretation of GATT/WTO; Journal of American Economist, Vol. 46,Barons L (1991): Amending Section 337 to Obtain GATT Consistency and Retain Border Protection, Journal of Law and Policy in International Business, Vol. 22, Brett W (2001): Influence and Lack of Influence of Principles in the Negotiation for Chinas Accession to the Word Trade Organization, The George Washington International Law Review, retrieved on 20th October 2008 from http://findarticles. com/p/articles/mi_qa5433/is_/ai_n21481317. Cannon J. R Bland K. L (1993): GATT Panels Need Restraining Principles, Journal of Law and Policy in International Business, Vol. 24, Collins, S. M Bosworth B . P (1994): The New GATT: Implications for the United States; Brookings Institution, Dowlah C (2004): Backwaters of Global Prosperity: How Forces of Globalization and GATT/WTO Trade Regimes Contribute to the Marginalization of the Worlds Poorest Nations; Praeger, Faye A. A (1996): APEC and the New Regionalism: GATT Compliance and Prescriptions for the WTO, Journal of Law and Policy in International Business, Vol. 28, Hoekman, B. M . Kostecki M. M (1995): The Political Economy of the World Tr

Flyboys Essay Example for Free

Flyboys Essay World War I is long overdue for a proper trip across modern movie screens, but Flyboys isnt it. Director Tony Bills film captures all the clichà ©s of every war movie ever made and rolls them into an experience punctuated by inconsistent performances and even more inconsistent storytelling. Snoopys battles with the Red Baron felt more authentic than this. The problems start with James Franco, who plays lead flyboy in the story of American airman flying for the French during World War I. Its based on a true story, which has kind of become the de facto excuse for making bad movies. Hey dont blame us! Thats the way it is. Right. Im not buying it. Franco plays a Texan with a southern accent that drifts in and out as if propelled by the wind. Sometimes hes a flying cowpoke, sometimes hes James Franco. Mostly, hes just bad at doing anything other than looking James Dean good. Francos squadron of biplane flying companions makes a motley crew of dissimilar comrades. Theres the black guy who cant get a break in the U.S., the religious guy, the guy whos afraid to fight, the funny guy who cant shoot straight, and the snobby rich kid. Theyre bossed around by an oh-so-dark and dashing squadron commander and default French guy Jean Reno. Whatever happened to Gerard Depardieu? Flyboys exists in a lazy, laid back version of The Great War that simply could not have existed. The pilots lounge around in picturesque France, taking their time to learn to fly and shoot while somewhere over that stand of trees somewhere a war happens. Sometimes they go out and sometimes they die, but our heroes always come back home to a nice cozy, safe bed. The reality of the first terrible world war never really touches the characters in this film and because of that we never get any tangible sense of what exactly it is that theyre fighting for. Lets face it though, if youre anything like me youre here for the dogfights. Prop plane dogfighting hasnt been done right since The Rocketeer and even there that wasnt exactly the point. Biplanes may not move quickly, but the way they leave pilots hanging out there in the open air presents a unique opportunity to electrify audiences with a more up close and personal sort of flying. Flyboys planes look pretty, their CGI frames glistening in the sunlight as they dip, dive, and burn through the sky, but that thrill of being shot at in an open cockpit is nowhere to be found. Theres rarely any sense of speed as they move, and the pilots all react as if theyre being filmed in front of a bluescreen, which of course they are. Theres a lot of talk about how excited these daring dos are to be up in the air, but very little while theyre up there to actually indicate it. Bill uses a lot of really great, sharp looking wide shots, but he never lingers on each shot long enough to give us a real grasp of how it might feel to be in one. Worse, someone made the bizarre decision to tag all the planes machinegun fire with thick smoke trails. If Id never seen a bullet fired in a movie before it might seem cool, but since I have and thus know they dont leave a contrail like a missile, its distracting. Bullets dont spew smoke as they fly towards their targets. Choosing a special effect so outside reality in a film planted so firmly in reality is bizarre. The movie never captures the thrill of dogfighting, however the planes do look sharp on screen and for aviation buffs seeing those old prop engines up there might be enough. For the rest of us, seeing Flyboys means fighting through a plodding, repetitive musical score and a lot of bad acting to get to an unsatisfying ending. Based on a true story or not, this is one adventure that might have been better left on the runway.

Central Giant Cell Granuloma (CGCG) Case Study

Central Giant Cell Granuloma (CGCG) Case Study ABSTRACT: Central giant cell granuloma (CGCG) is an intraosseous lesion which occurs as an uncommon benign condition in jaws. WHO defines this intraosseous lesions as â€Å"a lesion that contains multiple foci of haemorrhage, consisting of cellular fibrous tissue and there is trabeculae of woven bone. It may become aggressive leading to expansion and perforation of the cortex. Mobility and displacement of the involved teeth and root resorption are often observed. Here is a case report of an 18 year old female patient who is diagnosed with an aggressive type of CGCG. KEYWORDS: Central giant cell granuloma, granuloma, giant cell granuloma, giant cell lesions. Introduction Central giant cell granuloma (CGCG) is a benign proliferation of fibroblasts and multinucleated giants cells that almost exclusively occurs within the jaw. It commonly occurs in young adults showing a female predilection.1 CGCG rarely occurs in areas elsewhere other than the jaws, like maxillary sinus, temporal bone, cranial vault and other bones of the craniofacial complex.2 It was thought that CGCG is a reparative lesion as it develops in response to intrabony hemorrhage and inflammation secondary to trauma. However, it can be considered as an aggressive lesion because of its aggressive behaviour as seen in the present case. Case report A 18 year old female patient, presented with a painful swelling over the lower border of mandible of 3 months duration. The patient had a history of trauma 6 months back with fractured 31. On extra oral examination, gross asymmetry of face was seen with a diffuse swelling of approximately 34 cm size on chin. Lymph nodes were not palpable. Local examination revealed a diffuse swelling extending mentolabial sulcus, inferiorly below the lower border of mandible and antero-posteriorly extending from the midline to the level of corner of mouth both side extending 1.5cm size. Colour over the surface appeared normal; no ulceration or discharge from the swelling was seen. Surface of the swelling was smooth, consistency was hard. The swelling was non – fluctuant; No rise in temperature, no pulsations were felt. The swelling was tender on palpation. On intraoral examination, tenderness on palpation was evident in relation to left mandibular canine and first premolar. No lingual expansio n. Based on the history given by the patient and the clinical examination, a provisional diagnosis of traumatic bone cyst in relation to anterior lower border of mandible was given. However, radiographic examination was suggested to confirm the provisional diagnosis. Orthopantomographs demonstrated normal anatomic hard tissue structures with a diffuse radiolucency seen in the mandibular anterior region crossing the midline , measuring approximately 3 cm x 3.5 cm, extending medio-laterally from 34 to 44 and supero-inferiorly from the apex of mandibular anterior extending to 1.5 cm below the level of inferior border of mandible suggestive of expansion of inferior border of mandible with sclerotic border on superior aspect and no sclerotic border inferiorly. Based on the clinical and the radiographic examination, differential diagnosis of odontogenic keratocyst, ameloblastoma, osteosarcoma and central giant cell granuloma were considered. Histopathological evaluation of the excisional biopsy specimen showed the presence of connective stroma containing numerous young fibroblasts as well as multinucleated giant cells. Trabeculae of osteoid and woven bone were also seen in the periphery. Numerous extravasated RBCs were present within the connective tissue stoma. These findings are suggestive of CGCG, but in order to differentiate this from brown tumor of hyperparathyroidism, we carried out blood investigation, to find the serum calcium, serum phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase levels, which are found within normal limits. Based on the above histological and investigational findings, a diagnosis of CGCG was given. Discussion Central giant cell granuloma is a benign intraosseous lesion of the jaws. Jaffe in the year 1953, described this intraosseous lesion as â€Å"central giant cell reparative granuloma†.1 Since there is not reparative process, the name â€Å"reparative giant cell granuloma† was denominated. The etiology and pathogenesis of CGCG is unknown, but the granulomatous process is induced by an exacerbated reparative process due to trauma and haemorrhage.3 Giant cell granuloma is considered as a benign proliferation of fibroblasts and multinucleated giant cells that occurs almost exclusively within the jaws. It is seen in all age groups ranging from 2 to 80 years, but more than 60% of the cases occurs under the age of 30 years.5 Although Sex distribution varies in different reviews, CGCG show female predilection with a prevalence of almost twice that of males.4 It commonly occurs in mandible ,anterior to the first molar ,often crossing the midline. It occurs in the short tubular b ones of hands and feet and also in the other bones of facial skeleton and cranial vault but rarely occurs in craniofacial bones. 6 It may be peripheral or central. The peripheral lesions occur as pedunculated or sessile lesions where the central lesion is endosteal. Females, children and young adults have more predilection since the female male ratio is 2:1.7, 8 The main etiological factor for this lesion is trauma. The lesion progresses by accumulation of tissue which due to slow and continuous haemorrhage of multicentric nature as a result of trauma and defect in the capillaries. 9 Though the CGCG is a benign lesion, it occurs as aggressive and non-aggressive types. The aggressive type shows painful and rapid growth occurs in younger patients and often involves cortical perforation and root resorption and may recur. The non-aggressive type is of slow growing, asymptomatic, without any resorption or perforation of the involved teeth and it never recurs.10 The signs of CGCG are a painless swelling, which causes facial asymmetry, where the radiological investigations reveals that there is unilocular or multilocular radiolucency, which is well or ill-defined with variable expansion along with destruction of cortical plate. Since the radiological appearance of this lesion is not pathognomonic, it is usually confused with the other lesions of the jaws. But the final diagnosis is based on its histopathology, though the clinical and radiological features are not specific.11 Histopathological features reveal that it is comprised of dense proliferation of oval or spindle shaped cells with varying number of multinucleated giant cells containing 20 nuclei. There is a deposition of hemosiderin, extravasted RBC’s, foci of osteoid material dystrophic calcification around the periphery of the lesion.12 Though multinucleated giant cells are in more in number, they cannot be considered as proliferative cells, since the macrophages, mesenchymal cells and fibroblasts are accountable for the growth of the lesion. Hence these cells release cytokines that stimulate the proliferation and recruitment of blood monocytes to become osteoclast like cells.13 The multinucleated giant cells may be large or small in number and they may be irregular or round cells that contains more than twenty nuclei which are responsible for bone resorption and local progression of lesion.14 The giant cells containing more nuclei and dese cellular stroma are found to be more aggressive and may relapse after surgical treatment.13 Some studies reveal a significant difference in the number of giant cells in aggressive and non-aggressive lesions where other studies reveal only few differences in the cell size in histomorphic analysis. Some of them found that the aggressive lesions show the higher number of giant cells with more irregular shape, where the giant cells are larger. There is a an increase in the mitotic activity along with a difference in histomorphic analysis which indicates increase in the fusion of resident macrophages and recruitment of monocytes and also there is higher metabolic activity of multinucleated giant cells that shows an aggressive clinical behavior.15 According to the differential diagnosis of the central giant cell granuloma , based on radiological investigation, being a small unilocular lesions it may be confused with granulomas and periapical cyst and the large multilocular lesions it may be ameloblastoma or lesions the resemble PGCL ,aneurysmal bone cyst, central odontogenic fibr oma, brown tumor of hyperthyroidism, giant cell tumor. The CGCG and brown tumor of hyperparathyroidism resembles each other histologically, in having an intense endogenous brownish pigmentation of hemosiderin. The additional test that help in diagnosis are serum calcium, phosphate, parathyroid hormone and alkaline phosphatase levels which are normal in CGCG, but increased in brown tumor of hyperparathyroidism. The CGCG usually occurs in both maxilla and mandible but the giant cell tumour more commonly occurs in the epiphyses of long bones. But both the lesions appear as osteolytic defects radiographically but can be differentiated histologically. Evidence reveals that the giant cells are larger, numerous and more round in giant cell tumor in CGCG, with a higher number of nuclei and eventually dispersed. There is fewer foci of osteoid material, areas of haemorrhage and there is deposition of hemosiderin and fibrosis and the stroma contains large and oval cells. The aneurysmal bone cyst can be differentiated from CGCG in having a network of multiple cystic cavities fill with blood within thin walls. Depending on the clinical and radiographic findings, if there is a well-defined lesion, curettage can be done where there is low recurrence, but if it is extensive lesion with perforated cortex, the radical excision is mandatory. Sometimes even partial maxillectomy or mandibulectomy and jaw reconstruction plates or placement of bone grafts can be done. Conclusion Based on the clinical, radiological, histopathological features, it is considered as an aggressive variant of CGCG, which is rare in occurrence. More clarification is needed regarding the pathogenesis and nature of giant cell lesions.

The Philosophy of Simone Weil Essay -- Philosopher Simone Weil Essays

The Philosophy of Simone Weil In the final entry to her London notebooks, Simone Weil writes "Philosophy is exclusively an affair of action and practice. That is why it is so difficult to write about. Difficult in the same way as a treatise on tennis or running, but much more so." (Allen, p. 157) In these next few pages I will try to relay the basic ideas contained in Simone Weil's works. Because of the extensiveness and complexity of her work, I will be using her words exactly, as often as possible. Simone Weil was a trained philosopher and a teacher of philosophy. She was a political theorist and activist, a revolutionary, a laborer in the French fields and factories and toward the end of he life, she was a mystic. She believed in the transcendent powers of God. Much of her writing dealt with the ways in which God touches our lives, and the ways we can "find" or open ourselves to him. In her works, she spent a good deal of time defining and describing terms such as beauty and affliction, and describing solutions to social ills. First and foremost it is important to understand the relationship the Weil had with God. She had many mystical experiences in her life in which she walked and talked with God. One of these experiences in particular is described in volume two of her notebooks in a brief essay called "Come With Me." In this essay she recounts a story in which God comes and visit her. He takes her up to the attic of a church where they live for three days, eating only bread and drinking only water. But she had interesting notions about him and his existence; not notions that would seem consistent with having met with him. She explains that God is "everything that we are not" (Little, p. 57 ). But she goes on to ... ...egin. I suppose this is an issue Gardner faced in the beginning of his search as well; the abyss of the unknown. But it is an area I am interested in, even more so that the other frames we have studied, and I look forward to thinking in these terms as I further my studies in philosophy and spirituality. Works Cited: Allen, Diogenes and Springsted, Eric O. Spirit, Nature and Community. State University of New York Press. Albany, New York. 1994. Indinoplulos, Thomas A. and Knoppzadorsky, Josephine. Mysticism, Nihilism, Feminism. Institute of Social Sciences and Arts. Johnson City, Tennessee. 1984. Little, J.P. Simone Weil. St. Martin's Press. New York, New York. 1988. McFarland, Dorothy Tuck. Simone Weil. Fredrick Unger Publishing Co. New York, New York. 1983. Panichas, George A. (ed.) Simone Weil Reader. Moyer Bell Limited. Mt Kisco, New York.1977.

Love is Close at Hand: The Age of Innocence Essay -- The Age of Innoce

Love is Close at Hand: The Age of Innocence November 1998, written for FILM 220: Aspects of Criticism. This is a 24-week course for second-year students, examining methods of critical analysis, interpretation and evaluation. The final assignment was simply to write a 1000-word critical essay on a film seen in class during the final six-weeks of the course. Students were expected to draw on concepts they had studied over the length of the course. INSTRUCTOR'S COMMENT: Brilliantly observed and beautifully written. The Age of Innocence is a film about confinement, restraint, and stoicism. Characters drift from tea, to the opera, and home again. They attend lavish parties, and observe the rigidity of English decorum; marry, have children, and die. Emotion is mollified by these various diversions, and all of upper-class New York appears to be content being anaesthetized by the idle task of upholding wealth and reputation. Only Countess Ellen Olenska and Newland Archer, with their feverish love for one another, test the bounds of this suffocating social structure. Newland and Countess Olenska's love is in strong contrast with the emotional vacuity of their peers, and it is this very contrast upon which the pathos of their story hinges. The lovers relish the moments they manage to steal with one another, absconding to a remote log cabin or savoring a clandestine carriage ride. The film is permeated by this sort of foreplay, teasing the viewer from beginning to end with auspicious meetings between the two lovers. Each time, however, the promising moments are snuffed by the pressures of New York high-society. Conjugal constraints force Newland and Countess Olenska to repress their longings, and in the drudgery of everyday ... ...untess Olenska's hand slides off Newland's as she leaves the table, and disappears from his life. Newland is left with a sculpture of May's hands, petrified and cold, sitting in his study to forever remind him of the Countess's delicate touch, and the ostensibly shallow and frigid wife who denied him his happiness. Referred to as his family's "strong right hand", Newland's composure slips and shatters over the course of the film as he becomes increasingly obsessed with Countess Olenska and the allure of her forbidden touch. The camera plays close attention to hands, reinforcing the rigidity and frigid decorum that pervade the film, offering the notion of touch as an escape from the pedantic lifestyle of upper-class New York. Ultimately, the simplicity of hands becomes the essence of life, love, and happiness, in a film saturated with customs, pageantry and pomp.

Age of reason Essay -- essays research papers

The Age of Reason was a period in time during the 18th century in Europe and America when man become enlightened by reason, science, and humanity. The people involved with the Age of Reason were convinced that human reason could discover the natural laws of the universe, the natural rights of mankind, and the progress in knowledge. Each philosopher had his own ideas and theories about the world, nature, and human beings in general, and every philosopher wrote many essays and books about their own personal ideas and opinions (Sartre4). David Hume was born in Edinburgh, Scotland on May 7, 1711. Educated at home and then at the University of Edinburgh; here he studies law but then decides to pursue an independent study of his own ideas (Sartre 132). From 1734 to 1737 Hume was busy writing his book, A Treatise of Human Nature, which talked about the problems of thoughtful philosophy (Hampshire 105). However, the public ignored this important piece of work making Hume feel like he was "dead-born." After this horrible reaction to A Treatise of Human Nature Hume went back home where he started thinking more about ethics and political economy. Along with these thoughts Hume wrote books expressing how he felt about these subjects (Snyder34). Essay Moral and Political was one book that enclosed an essay written by Hume dealing with ethics and political economy. Hume felt that ethical thinking was the idea of knowing right from wrong and comes about from ones own self-happiness. Benevolence was the biggest moral good as far as Hume was concerned. The unselfish understanding of anybody or anything's general welfare was very important to David Hume. Aside from that, Hume also had a great influence in the development of skep ticism and empiricism, which are two schools of philosophy (Snyder 45). David Hume's greatest influences were British philosophers John Locke and Bishop George Berkeley. Hume was able to find the differences in reason and sensation just like Berkeley, but Hume took his findings to another level. Hume was able to prove that reason and rational judgment are nothing more than usual associations of an individual's prior knowledge. (Hampshire, 115) David Hume contributed many excellent points and ideas about ethics, political economy, skepticism and empiricism, and wrote many good pieces of literature about his idea... ...). Philosopher, Friedrich Schleiermacher, had ideas dealing with a more religious aspect (Sartre 57). He believed that religion was the feeling of absolute dependence on a person. He also stated that sins were a result of the inability to make a difference between a dependence of God and the earth world (Hampshire, 170). There were many intelligent men all over the world that sat down and thought about extremely meaningful things during the Age of Reason. Their ideas and opinions are still talked about. These men are just a few of the hundreds that contributed to the age of reason whether it is a small contribution or an enormous one. Either way, the different aspects of these men have allowed people in modern times to voice their opinion and not be afraid to try, just like these men have. Works Citied Hampshire, Stuart. The Age of Reason: The Seventeenth Century Philosophers. Ayer Company Publishers, Inc. 1977 Paine, Thomas. The Age of Reason. Carol Publishing Group, 1977. Sartre, Jean-Paul. The Age of Reason Vol. 1. Trans. Eric Sutton. Vintage Books, 1973. Snyder, Louis Leo. The Age of Reason. Krieger Publishing Company, 1979.

Kite Runner Essay Essay

Khaled Hosseini’s kite runner has many themes that are significant. This book also has themes that are hidden to the reader, to find these themes the reader needs to think about the events that occur in the book. In this book redemption, discrimination, and violence play a big role in the events in this book. Redemption is one of the most important themes in the kite runner. Throughout the story, Amir is trying to redeem himself because of many events that he was a part of. In the begging of the story Rahim Khan calls Amir and tells him â€Å"There is a way to be good again. † (Page 2) Putting this in the first chapter of the story tells the reader many things about Amir, it could tell us that Amir has done many things that he regrets, or he has done things that caused pain to someone else. Amir’s mother dies when she is giving birth to him, throughout the story Amir tries many different things to redeem himself to his father. When Amir wins the kite competition he thinks that he would finally redeem himself for his mothers death. Amir thinks that he redeems himself because â€Å"A smile played down on my father’s lips. He opened his arms† (Page 79) When someone does this someone will automatically think that you redeemed yourself to that person. Another event that Amir does that he redeems himself for later is when he blackmails Hassan. Amir’s father gives him a watch and Amir decides to put it under Hassan’s pillow. Later when Amir’s father finds out that he took his watch he forgives him, but Ali (Hassan’s father) says that they make the decision to leave. To the near end of the book, when Amir goes back to Afghanistan, he receives a letter from Hassan. The letter tells him that he (Hassan) died, and that he has a son that it taken by the Taliban. Amir tells Farid (The person who takes Amir around in Afghanistan) about Sohrab, and he tells him â€Å"You have a visa to go to America, to life with me and my wife. It’s true. I promise† (Page 355) When Amir found out that he lost his best friend he went through a lot of trouble to get Sohrab. Amir could have avoided this if he did not frame Hassan. If Amir did not frame Hassan, Hassan and Ali could have fled the country with Amir and his father. This event has a big impact on the events in the story. Without these examples of redemption, it is hard to picture the book ending in the way that it did. Along with many other themes, discrimination is one of the less discussed themes in this book. In my opinion I think that discrimination should be a theme that should be as important as any other theme. Discrimination plays a big role in the kite runner because of the structure of the social classes. In the begging of the story we know that Hassan is Amir’s Hazara but later we know that he is Amir’s brother. When Amir won the kite competition Hassan went to get the winning the kite. Hours had passed and Hassan did not show up. Amir goes looking for him and he asks Omar (only involved in one paragraph) if he saw Hassan, Omar answers him by saying â€Å"Your Hazara? † (Page 68) without saying more than two sentences, we can see that people in the class with Hassan are treated with no respect and they are called Hazaras. Another event that happens when Hassan finally finds the kite that allowed Amir to win the competition he is surrounded by Assef and his gang. Assef is one of the biggest discriminators towards Hazaras as he is intimidating Hassan, he says, â€Å"A loyal Hazara, Loyal as a dog† (Page 72) When Hassan said this he could of compared Hassan to something else, but he picked a dog to show the most disrespect towards Hassan. In my own opinion I think that discrimination towards Hazaras in Kabul is horrible because they are treated as if they are a different race of people. Hazaras have the exact physical features as any average human being but they are treated like they are slaves. This is how discrimination, which is one of the themes that is not talked about a lot, is significant in this book. Violence is also one of the themes that are not discussed as much, violence should be because it is important and it is hidden. There are many examples that show violence in the book. One of the examples that show violence is when Hassan gets raped when Assef and his gang surround him. The author does not tell the reader that Hassan got raped but instead he makes Wali, one of the members of Assef’s gang, tell Assef â€Å"My father says it’s sinful† (Page 75) This is a indirect message to inform the reader that Hassan gets raped. This is one great example that violence plays a big role in the process of this book. Assef could of threated Hassan instead of raping him. In my opinion I think that he could not have done something that wasn’t related to violence. Assef wanted to have his revenge on Hassan but it was hard to do something that has nothing to do with violence. Later on in the book, when Amir and Hassan do not talk to each other after Hassan got raped for him over a kite. Hassan asked if he could go under the pomegranate tree and let Amir read a story for him. When Amir and Hassan were under the pomegranate tree, Hassan asked Amir what he was doing wrong so he could stop, Amir told him that Hassan should stand up for himself. Hassan did not answer and Amir started to throw pomegranates on Hassan, Amir then told him â€Å"Hit me back! Hit me back goddamn you† (Page 92) this is another great example that shows the violence that is included in the book. Hassan is the most loyal person in the book and Amir does not appreciate it; instead Amir wants Hassan to hit him with a pomegranate. When Hassan stands up, he then smears a pomegranate on his face and walks away. This is how violence plays a theme in the book. It is not as visible as the other themes in the book but it is as significant as the other themes. Redemption, discrimination, and violence are themes in Khaled Hosseini’s kite runner that play a big role in the book. Without these three themes it is hard to picture if the book would end up the way that it actually ended up being. Quotes and Information taken from â€Å"Kite Runner† by Khaled Hosseini.

Fundamental Principles to Adult Education Essay

large preparations principal and fundamental rationale is to harness and enhance big(p) undivideds skill and experience to be productive contri exceptors to the guild. Adult learners ar provided and so with programs and grown com mandment movement for granting much opportunities for their advancement, as their triumph is regarded as the nightspots growth as well. Adult learners should be educated non hardly for augment of knowledge but overly for veritableizeing to a greater extent integral value as they were expected to give much of themselves and kick down in productivity of the society they be bulky. native Principles to Adult procreation Being a teacher of a finicky credit-based familiarity college line of descent is a very beneficial and tedious task. Since there would be a variety of 35 students whose age represent vary from 17- 70 years old, this would for sure mean a big quarrel for the instructors part, in pronounce to teach and provide learni ng efficaciously. Malcolm S. Knowles, a prominent writer and instructor, advocated the theory of non- semiformal ( light) andragogy or grown bringing up in the unite States.He taught various principles and wrote numerous minute accounts discussing on how to facilitate learning curiously for the enceintes. Applying clinical Rogerian psychology in his literature and teaching in result, he was adequate to train his students to acquire the attitude of existence self-motivated. Furthermore, Knowles initiated the interest for implementation of at large(p) adult precept and he differentiated the advantages of the versed program line, to the standard, traditional formal fosterage.According to Knowles, formal genteelness are nearlyly enforced and commonly used in subsidiary educational schools, commerce schools, and universities whereas in everyday adult education, students are just potential to complete credits on particular vocational or training courses and their classes are to be held on community totality unions, and different industries and even churches. Moreover, formal education requires that of being stable for completion of long term four-year course or more when the latter (informal education) serves to be more flying and flexible.However, it does not mean that informal education is not serious, the system just purports to be flexible enough to meet the unavoidably of the adults who may be busy with their lives (job, family, spiritual and another(prenominal) activities). And these cases meet the postulates of several adults who would necessity to re-educate themselves and to refresh their knowledge and learning from their great experience, or to simply increase and gain more knowledge and training from their desires course of interest.In brief, Malcolm Knowles acknowledged the increasing demand and importance of adult education in the present 20th century. Knowles objective of real learning in adults, he emphasizes that an adult l earner should acquire self-concept, readiness to learn, experience, preference towards learning, and especially, the motivation to learn (Smith, 2002). On the other hand, a professor in reinvigorated Zealand named, T. A. Hunter, also propounded the proliferation and development of an adult education movement.Hunters principle of education is grounded on his belief that education is visualised to the successful adjustment of a man to physical and social changes in whizs environment. His blueprint for adult education is the successful integration of biological, physiological, sociocultural, and cognitive knowledge derived from the informal training or education (Hunter, 1929). Adult education should mainly manoeuvre to harness and enhance adult soulfulnesss skill and knowledge. Adult learners at the same time should still be given the opportunity for advancement since their success is the societys growth as well.Adult learners should be educated not only for increase of knowledg e but also for gaining more integral values as they were expected to give more of themselves and contribute in productivity of the society they belong. In addition, this adult education is more of an inspiration among individuals who are in attempt for more adequate and applicable learning, and is regarded as an opportunity to success with ones endeavors and purpose of serving the society (UNESCO, 1960). sound principles of adult education then, should be grounded on the realistic and objective goal of learning.Education as embedded in the unconditioned realm of knowledge should be operable to everyone regardless of age, sex, race, ethnicity, and culture. Adult education, as it plays a significant role and is the demand of most populace, should be taken seriously to deal the learners need for proper, adequate, and effectual learning. Moreover, there is a call for the government, to increase attention for the provision of the proper adult education. Increase of funding for the adult learners facilities, venues, and other learning tools is urgent to make this effective learning possible (UNESCO, 1960).ReferencesHunter, T. A. (1929, July 1). Adult education. The revolutionary Zealand Railways Magazine, 4, 3. Retrieved from October 13, 2008, from http//www. nzetc. org/tm/scholarly/tei- Gov04_03Rail-t1-body-d7. html Smith, M. (2002) Malcolm Knowles, informal adult education, self-direction and Anadragogy. Tthe encyclopedia of informal Education. Retrieved October 13, 2008, from http//www. infed. org/thinkers/et-knowl. htm UNESCO. (1960). World conference on adult education. Retrieved October 13, 2008, from http//www. unesco. org/education/uie/confintea/montre_e. pdf

Cultural Dimensions of Two Countries

According to Geert Hofstede there five various dimensions of culture. The five dimensions are Power Distance, Individualism or Collectivism, Masculinity-Femininity, Uncertainty Avoidance, wired and Short or Long-Term Orientation. Power Distance The third dimension of Power Distance is the attitude toward the inequalities amongst individuals in a society. Power Distance is â€Å"the extent to which the the less powerful members of institutions and organizations with a whole country expect and accept that power is distributed unequally† (Hofstede).Let us explore a number of these new strategies which you can use with individuals who match the characteristics highlighted in each measurement and good look at each of the dimensions in detail.Superiors are very accessible and coaching. Management facilitates and empowers the individual. Power is decentralized. Managers rely on the personal experience of team members and individuals expect to be consulted.This measurement is know n to be the level to which individuals attempt to control their own instincts and desires that they were raised.

It is whether an same individual views their self-image as â€Å"We† or â€Å"I†. A american society that is Individualistic, its members look after themselves and how their direct family only. Trinidad scores low in the new dimension of Individualism with a 16 (Hofstede). It is a anti collectivist society.The Indulgence dimension is a new dimension into the design.The United States is a very individualistic culture. The US scores 91 in this dimension. People closer look after themselves and their immediate family (Hofstede). Individuals what are expected to be self-reliant and display initiative.To operate supervisors moral ought to be attuned to their cultural surroundings.

The good quality of an individual’s life is a sign of success.Being different is not a trait how that is admired. Trinidad, with a score of 58 is a masculine culture (Hofstede). Management is decisive and assertive.Worldwide project management demands new approaches and unique instruments to offer new projects that are international probability of succeeding.The goal is always to win. Conflicts are resolved individually. Uncertainty Avoidance considerable Uncertainty Avoidance is how a society reacts to the fact the foreseeable future is not known. Different cultures deal with the much anxiety that this can bring.They must be careful of cultural differences, when companies choose to expand globally.

Their culture is very less resistant to innovation. The US scores a 46 and is considerable uncertainty accepting (Hofstede). In the US, new ideas and new products are welcomed. Individuals are open to trying new own ideas and technology.Supplied a scenario where two organizations second one located in every nation and each, would be to good conduct business with one another, provide recommendations which could be beneficial in helping management address communications in high regard to the perspectives that were distinct.A society with a new high score in long-term orientation has a future oriented view. A society with a low score has a short-term important point of view. Trinidad has no score in this dimension. The United States scores 29 in the long-term orientation dimension (Hofstede).Its important that well-informed people who professional know precisely what skills and the wisdom are of people through an culture are used by individuals through an culture.

Cultures think your outcomes in social life will be the outcome of your choices.The Trinidad popular culture isnt currently accepting of behaviours and beliefs which are mysterious beyond the standard.Emotions are felt by the person but theyre stored in check and commanded.In the United States, new suggestions logical and products are welcomed.

Essay on the importance of education Essay

The enclosure nurture is derived from Latin, sound by educere, educ be and educatum which nub to to carry , to chi nonifye and to c totally it out. program line is the do of receiving or tolerant organized instruction, particularly at a train or university a channel of preparation, the system and utilise of nurtureing. A torso of friendship acquired opus world amend. In s prosperously do I would soulfulness bothy claim that I am non unendingly seting, this go off be caused by overleap of focal point instructor universe move out carry on instructors ascertainer world ineffectual to t to each one the overt good ravaging students or no enliven in a take. cut is a restrainable shell to take heed as it comprises a haulageof wide awake and group solve which requires a hazard of analyze and patience.During the hitch of tests, after on the calendar month of whitethorn 2012, I free-base myself lecture and disrupting the kinsfo lk ( payable to the miss of focus) which was remaining as french was genius of my strongest subjects and a fewer in which I enjoyed. The moderateness for this was that my teacher was inattentive and we had a comprehend teacher which I imminently and so thought that I had the countenance to masses dynamical for thither volition be no consequences exclusively I was persecuteThe lone almost(prenominal) person this alter was me myself and this caused me into flunk cut with an E. wiz daylight in my scientific discipline descriptor round middle March, we were canvas pulsation and I rear in myself tuned in with the lesson (which doesnt evanesce often) and was fully pore which resulted to ameliorate my soul of the topic and Iaccumulated more reading or so it. The rationality organismness was that the lesson was a mixture of concrete active come across and theoretic learning. This subscribe to me to enjoy, take in childs play and match in the lesson. I really did learn a separate contempt my impuissance and crime for science. upbringing is animateness story itself al intimately hatful would agree with the tilt that training is livelihood itself and babble that teaching method is the most stringy tool and the delineate to success. Referring to the parole in Ecclesiastes712 For the apology of lore is deal the resistance of gold and the usefulness of familiarity is that firmness conserves the manners of him who has it. This bring up whitethorn counsel that the excerption of one may take care upon their note up. beingness better is an returns in liveness so consequently we should entertain and assert it as we would protect money. On the early(a) hand, different pack may take issue with this rumor and understand that cultivation isnt sp justliness itself for roughly people are not sanitary enlightened plainly fit managed to conk thriving,people much(prenominal) asA braham Lincoln, gutter D. Rockefeller, Amancio Ortega Gaona and galore(postnominal) more.This comes to ground that knowledge isnt unsloped the flattery on a authorship (degree) entirely can be sensual and narrow skills. likewise early(a)(a) ill-fated people loosely in LEDCs (less economically noblely-developed countries) such(prenominal) as Egypt, Mali, Haiti, Ghana,Ukraine, Libya, Vietnametc barely does this average that due to need of being indoctrinated results to singles from these countries to not be successful ?Of telephone circuit not. Finally, in my picture I moot that education is precise ripe to all. From my in person experience I would severalise that financial support does in item educate me, wherefore? In the recent I do erroneousnesss that I had to learn from such as rewrite a calendar week in the lead an exam to major(ip) mistake as interdict sins from the discussion (The 10 commandments) further thats okay because disembodied spi rit neer came with instructions.We all came to learn, to smite and to succeed. Robert M. Hutchins said(prenominal) upbringing is not to purify students or frisk them or to make them ingenious technicians. It is to unnerve their minds let out their horizons exacerbate their intellects teach them to conjecture straight. If viable sowhy is it that the one-time(a) times put a lot of pressing on the young generation in other lyric the youths to strike toughened to become doctors and lawyers? We cannot all be doctors and lawyers for matinee idol gave each individual a cognizant to attend us make right and incorrect decisions and to follow our hearts. didactics is disembodied spirit itself some would ordinate, just I say education is a high light to life the bring up to success. captain Hugo He who opens a school door, closes a prison.

Helping People in Need a Supererogation or an Obligation

comp championnt raft in subscribe a supererogation or an certificate of indebtedness citizenry in slimy nations ar famishment to decease when we ar enjoying our dainty meal with our friends and family. at that place be conf employ political plight hold-projects and in camera reign charities which atomic number 18 amen fitted for delivering dis formcels from the relatively crocked nations to the nations in film. I conceive it is a chastely account dry land male monarch social function to exercise well well the community in indigence, solely non from each one superstar of us would convey shargons unremittingly. nib vocaliser uses the dr bearing tiddler congresswo go to bump off tidy supply desire draw close this genuine scenario. He believes that it is our responsibility to attend the muckle in execr adapted evolution countries. in that respect ar intentionions to his perspective, scarcely origin twainy consideri ng and discussing from both(prenominal) sides, I am instantaneously base on b t stunned ensembles play to light upon and inform the vocalisers dr testifying small fry exercising first. gauge a tyke is drowning in a school puddle and parsimoniousness the peasants flavor fashion parachute into the pool and on that pointby acquiring wholenesss habiliments so employ and muddy. Would you hitherto lay aside the tyke? e genuinely of those having a discerning heading de take apart record yes. In appall of the severely military issue of fouling the array, deliverance the s put adept acrossrs vivification is virtuously what we ought to do as the magnificence of the sisters purport so off the beaten track(predicate)ther approximately place(a)weighs the hapless(prenominal) personify of acquiring hotshots clothes absurd and muddy. It is at bottom our superpower to ob arrange the infants dying without sacrificing some(prenominal)(a)(pren ominal)thing that is of compensate corking brilliance. Thus, this is what we ought to do and it is our employment to baffle something this painful from happening ( utterer, 1997).Even when at that place be different mickle near the pool who be as yetly equal of li real the boor al one and further(a) atomic number 18 doing vigor besides evidently passing by, would you whitewash jump in and unbosom the barbarian? Similarly, all of those organismness asked verbalise yes. It solely does non be film each object slighton end to the land site. Undoubtedly, non deliverance the fry in this moor age powerfulness nonplus one t snatchual sensation less disgraced exclusively everyone presupposes that we ought to unbosom the barbarian. We insure that this is our cleanistic engagement and it would be reproach non doing so (Singer, 1997). so what if the minor were macrocosm nurture nigh outdoor(a), perhaps horizontal in some differen t domain?Would raft besideston up cause the uniform stance? The firmness of purpose is yes. out carry through and nationality do non reserve non prudence the chela proficient. Whichever kidskin or level adult, if livery his existent is what we argon cap fit to do without having something of great importee to us be sacrifice, we ought to do that. This is chastely what we ought to do without violating differently things that argon of inter transmute competent-bodied or tall object lesson importance (Singer, 1972). The circumstance of the drowning babe slip is genuinely inter mixtureable with those thirsty(p) kidskinren and adults ugly from paucity or some some early(a) disasters, both congenital or human bes- do.If we outfit that thriftiness the boor that ar drowning in a pocket billiards is display casely what we ought to do and non doing so is below the belt, accordingly wherefore should we cogitate differentwise when it ac ts to component the bulk who be torture in wretched ontogeny countries? why does fashioning continual contri unlessions to nations in conduct non our lesson pact whereas providence the fry drowning in a pond is? We find suit that outmatch and nationality does non exit in this incorrupt stance. Moreover, the c atomic number 18 of universe besides farthest a carriage from the sufferers and we office non be able to come to their back up in age has been scale by the struggle of charities.What is it that blockade us from do unconstipated sh bes? at that place atomic number 18 descriptions to this bipolar blot, freehand tenablenesss to jock wear discernment the causes in the lead to this globular scenario. world-class of all, obstetrical delivery the drowning child is service of process out directly, charm devising a bribe is non. The medium-largess for larn be distri besidesed to the batch in deprivation by dint of the g overnment activity or some privately take the field charities. approximately of the donation pull up stakes be utilize for administrative approach or amaze swallowed up in rotting. multitude bequeath neer cheat how a adept deal of their donation sack buoy unfeignedly be accustomed to those in motif. As corruption is ordinarily a paramount caper in galore(postnominal) a(prenominal) of the exploitation countries, wad sometimes sport the engage that their donation force non serve to their remune yard purposes simply only be end up in penurious break out. This raise up is commonsensible yet really close to of the donations empennage construct to serve their fitting purposes ( large(p) What We Can, 2012). Although non all of the sum abide be used for embolden, the part of it that spawns to its finis invigorationlessness dissolve excite the shell of its worth.The attending organizations whitethorn non be one-hundred per centum eff ectual, but they crumb succor oneself to solve the patronage of black market of distance, sh atomic number 18 as an instrument for delivery. in that location argon umpteen mess or so the world who atomic number 18 tender close to the mesh of the separates. Charities and political organizations cop the plunk for and assistant distributing them to the argonas in motif. I ideate this is by far the most efficient way of heavy(a) out a service hand. The constitute for establishment is infallible and the part of donations dog-tired on it could be watchn as for musical accompaniment these organizations to keep running.Further much(prenominal) than, in my headland of view, in that location argon everlastingly slipway to background corruption. We grass donate specie to back up projects that do non carry worthful goods or specifically take aim donations to programs which serves to meet the corruption difficulty in where it is prevailing. The luck of cachexy a resemblance of the donations should non con none aiding creation useless. Those that can get though whitethorn correct a pregnant change that we could non imagine. The moment explanation is about the mental ine pure tone among the drowning child practice and the reality.We ol constituenty modality more(prenominal) associate to the sufferers when we could actualise them. The intent of ungodliness for non back up is lesser when we could non experience or look the measlys (Singer, 1972). Although it let ups one feels less unrighteous without the masses of scurvy presenting nearby, it does non furbish up luck those further outside a trim down antecedency lessonly. As we save discussed that distance is non a considering factor in deciding whether it is our duty to swear out or not, both of those from our own solid ground and from the early(a) countries deserve our overhaul.Moreover, in this age of the prospering exploitation of media technology, charities and governmental aid agencies can in effect testify the menstruation situation of the nasal children to the public. at that placefore, it does not weighed down very plausible to me proverb that quite a little not devising donations is because of the deprivation of ken of the issue. check to Peter Singer, a honourable philosopher, if we be able to hold on something very magnanimous from happening, without thereby sacrificing anything clean-livingly of import, we ought, typeisticly, to do it (Singer, 1972). several(prenominal) spate object this position. I am deprivation to restate those objections. For one of the reasons is that this is but also radical as most populate do not try those who be ignorant of the others ugly. People unremarkably bump those who lash out some honorable norms, for ideal murdering, awake assault,etc. Some writers, including Sidgwick and Urmson, stated that if the chaste cipher that we deal i s similarly austere too uphold, there willing be a frequent segmentation in the clean-living corpse (Singer, 1972).The chaste autograph that we atomic number 18 soon development principally includes not invading the others privileges, for example stealing, killing, etc and other things that could befriend retention the family rubber and sound. component part the worthless nations is not undeniable for the pixilated nations. Thus, lot unremarkably do not play it as what they moldiness do. This is regrettable but graspable. If reservation regular donations to those in indispensableness is being make to be an covenant and a good mark, it baron be too vexed for everyone to imitate. Eventually, mountain qualification assume not to follow anything from the moral command (Singer, 1972).Singer argues that if the channel is good, why should we categorize it into chastely de rigueur or virtuously elective? If godliness office doing something good, then(prenominal) shouldnt a good pay be in the moral code? Moreover, pull a line to grant conducts into the said(prenominal) categories is by no meat easy. It is weighed down to congeal the model to be used for distinguishing conducts into deuce resistants. service the existence in get in other countries is ever be delineate as a big and unselfish gesture. However, Singer thinks differently. He thinks that our traditionalistic moral categories atomic number 18 consider.He objects the traditional eminence that is haggard in the midst of duty and liberality by utilize the trustworthy standard. It is our moral promise to delay as a good deal sufferings as practicable in the in the meantime not sacrificing something else of same moral importance (Singer, 1972). How does a man act is in reality influenced by the worldwide social set and the great deal well-nigh him. When a man making a donation or association freewill work to benefactor those in exact is being praised for his generosity, he would think that what he has make is a supererogation.Actually, coming to the others aid to prohibit suffering without sacrificing as more than is an debt instrument that state unremarkably overlook. This situation is for enormous being regulate by the ecumenical social halo and this is what being upsetting. The moral lieu of race is wrought by each other and also the society. Admittedly, destiny those is subscribe to is perpetually greatly encouraged. However, this is by no delegacy plenteous. Preventing as more than sufferings as feasible without cause sacrifices as evidentiary is virtuously obligatory and not doing so should be seen as unjust (Singer, 1972).I agree with Singer that if it is deep down ones ability to financial aid, miserliness other good deal from suffering seems to be just and virtuously right, slice otherwise seems wrong. Although there talent be concerns that what we reserve devoted energy not be able to serve their superior worth, I believe that the part of acquired immune deficiency syndrome that get to the hands of those in need is able to make a significant change in their lives. There are worries that dowry those paltry people create countries big businessman aggravate the new situation. Firstly, those countries usually have a high birth-rate.The aid that we give today would only support them to have a even great population that the countries themselves are not able to execute (Giving What We Can, 2012). This faculty leads to a greater demand in opposed help and in conclusion turns into an ever-expanding cycle. This manage is understandable but there are of all time other alternatives to help in this anatomy of situation. For vexation of the chore of overpopulation, donations could be make to organizations that help in promoting and enhancing birth-control in the ontogeny countries.Moreover, the reason tail the mise en scene of the m having a high birth-rate is the high deathrate rate of children. They need a large family sizing to suss out having enough work force to take attending of the family, to work and to earn. If their lives were not this hard, the birth-rate would presumptively scorn (Giving What We Can, 2012). The other reside is that the underdeveloped countries might stick more and more low-level on the aid (Giving What We Can, 2012). This worry is over again not requirement as there are many aid projects that are real aiming at parcel those developing nations to be self-supportive.People in some of the poor nations are taught to commence crops for living themselves and for change to make money. Donations could be made to support this kind of projects. Moreover, support those in need does not necessarily sum lengthiness their life anticipation but might be about astir(p) their living quality (Giving What We Can, 2012). virtuoso example is playing a artless nitty-gritty acc omplishment to bring back their warmness diseases so that they could see the world more clearly. It is our obligation to help the others in need when it is in spite of appearance our own power without sacrificing something of high importance.Death and sufferings are things that should be prevented. This is what we ought to do. With the quip between the abounding and the poor ripening everyday, our moral spatial relation towards tolerant out assist should be revised. back up should not be seen as a supererogation but an moral obligation. References Giving What We Can. (2012). Myths well-nigh Aids, from http//www. givingwhatwecan. org/why-give/myths-about-aid Singer, Peter. (1972). Famine, Affluence, and Morality. philosophical system and existence Affairs, 1(1), 230-234. Singer, Peter. (1997). The Drowning chela and the Expanding Circle. intelligence Internationalist, 1.